Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal.2015. № 4 (16). P. 65—82
07.00.00 HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND ARCHEOLOGY
UDC 94(47+57)“1822/1862”
Vasilyev Dmitry Valentinovich, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor
Institute of State Management, Law and Innovative Technologies
RUSSIA AND THE KAZAKH STEPPE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY: ADMINISTRATIVE MODELING OF SPACE
Abstract
The key points of the following article are to examine what Russian Empire was guided by while annexing Kazakhstan and what made it choose a certain model of interaction and integration between Russia and the Kazakh society and, finally, how Russian dominance in the region should be classified. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to consider Russian administrative policy in the Kazakh Steppe and define its status as a component of the Empire. The specific objectives of the study are determined: to demonstrate the dynamics of the status of the Kazakh zhuzes in relationships with Russia, to study administrative reforms in the Kazakh areas and reveal the patterns of their interaction with the Empire. As a result of the research three various models of the steppe administration are revealed. Their coexistence shows not only aspiration of the government to consider local domestic and foreign policy situation, but it illustrates the search of an optimum sample for further administrative transformations within the framework of transition of the region into organic whole with the Russian state organism.
Key words
Russian history, history of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Russian Empire, Kazakhs, Russian-Kazakh relations, regional policy, legislation, administration system, state management, governing, 19th century.
1. Arkhiv vneshney politiki Rossiyskoy imperii (АVPRI) [Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire]. F. 161, I-1. Оp. 781. D. 88.
2. АVPRI. F. 161, I-1. Оp. 781. D. 96.
3. АVPRI. F. 161, I-1. Оp. 781. 1819-1828. D. 488.
4. АVPRI. F. 161, I-1. Оp. 781. 1819-1849. D. 489.
5. АVPRI. F. 161, I-1. Оp. 781. 1819-1849. D. 491.
6. АVPRI. F. 161, I-1. Оp. 781. 1825. D. 490.
7. Bekmakhanov Е. B. Kazakhstan v 20—40 gody XIX veka / pod obshch. red. d-rа ist. nauk, prof. М. P. Vyatkina [Kazakhstan in the 20s-40s period of XIX century, ed. M. P. Vyatkin]. Alma-Ata, 1947. 391 p.
8. Bekmakhanova N. Е. Prisoedinenie Tsentralnoy Azii k Rossiyskoy imperii v XVIII—XIX vv. Istoriko-geograficheskoe issledovanie [Incorporating Central Asia to the Russian Empire in the XVIII—XIX centuries. Historical and geographical study]. Мoscow ; St. Petersburg, 2015. 240 p.
9. Bekmakhanova N. Е., Narbaev N. B. Prisoedinenie kazakhskikh plemen k Rossiyskoy imperii i administrativnye reformy v XVIII — seredine XIX v. [Accession of Kazakh tribes to the Russian Empire and administrative reforms in XVIII — the middle of XIX century]. Tsentralnaya Aziya v sostave Rossiyskoy imperii [Central Asia into the Russian Empire] / S. N. Abashin [et al.]; eds.: S. N. Abashin, D. Yu. Arapov, N. E. Bekmakhanova. Moscow, 2008. 451 p.
10. Vasilyev D. V. Rossiya i Kazakhskaya step: administrativnaya politika i status okrainy. XVIII — pervaya polovina XIX veka [Russia and Kazakh steppe: administrative policies and the status of the suburbs. XVIII — early XIX century]. Moscow, 2014. 471 p.
11. Voropanov V. А. Stanovlenie mestnoy imperskoy administratsii v oblasti kazakhskoy stepi: proekty i realizatsiya sudebnykh reform 1820-kh gg. [Formation of local imperial administration in regions of the Kazakh steppe: projects and realizations of judicial reforms of 1820th]. Society and power, 2010, no 2, pp. 101-105.
12. Zimanov S. Z. Politicheskiy stroy Kazachstana kontsa XVIII i pervoy poloviny XIX vekov [Political system in Kazakhstan of late XVIII and early XIX centuries]. Alma-Ata, 1960. 296 p.
13. Zimanov S. Z. Rossiya i Bukeevskoe khanstvo [Russia and Bukeyev Khanate]. Alma-Ata, 1982. 172 p.
14. Istoriya Bukeevskogo khanstva. 1801—1852 gg. : sb. dokumentov i materialov / sostaviteli B. T. Zhanaev, V. А. Inochkin, S. Kh. Sagnaeva. [History of Bukeyev Khanate. 1801—1852 years: documents and materials, comp. by B. T. Jeanaev, V. A. Inochkin, S. H. Sagnaeva]. Almaty, 2002. 1120 p.
15. Kazakhsko-russkie otnosheniya v XVIII—XIX vekakh (1771—1867 gody). (Sbornik dokumentov i materialov) / red. kol. М. О. Dzhangalin, F. N. Kireev, V. F. Shakhmatov. [Kazakh-Russian relations in the XVIII—XIX centuries (1771—1867 years). (Collection of documents and materials) / eds.: M. O. Dzhangalin, F. N. Kireev, V. F. Shakhmatov]. Alma-Ata, 1964. 575 p.
16. Levshin А. I. Opisanie kirgiz-kazachykh ili kirgiz-kaysatskikh ord i stepey [Describing Kirghiz Cossack or Kirghiz Kaisak hordes and steppes]. Almaty, 1996. 656 p.
17. Lyubichankovskiy S. V., Godovova Е. V. Regionalnoe upravlenie i problema effektivnosti vlasti v Rossii (ХVIII — nachalo ХХI veka): obzor mezhdunarodnoy diskussii [Regional government and problem of power efficiency in Russia (XVIII — the beginning of the XXI century): review of international data]. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic scientific journal, 2012, no 4, pp. 124—132. (In Russ.) Available at: http://vestospu.ru/archive/2012/stat/obzor_2012_4.pdf
18. Lyubichankovskiy S. V. Imperiya Romanovykh i problema upravleniya kulturno-geterogennym prostranstvom [Romanov’s empire and the problem of control over a culturally heterogeneous territory]. Ural Historical Journal, 2013, no 3 (40), pp. 59—68.
19. Materialy po istorii Kazakhskoy SSR (1785—1828 gg.). Т. 4 / otv. red. М. P. Vyatkin [Materials on the history of the Kazakh SSR (1785—1828 gg.). Vol. 4]. Мoscow, Leningrad, 1940. 543 p.
20. Materialy po istorii politicheskogo stroya Kazakhstana (sо vremeni prisoedineniya Kazakhstana k Rossii do Velikoy Oktyabrskoy sotsialisticheskoy revolyutsii) / sost. М. G. Masevich [Materials on the history of the political system of Kazakhstan (since the accession of Kazakhstan to Russia before the Great October Socialist Revolution), comp. by M. G. Masevich]. Alma-Ata, 1960. 441 p.
21. Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobraniye pervoye (PSZRI-I) [Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. The first corpus]. Vol. XXVI. 1800—1801. SPb., 1830.
22. PSZRI-I. Т. ХХХ. 1808—1809. SPb., 1830.
23. PSZRI-I. Т. XXXVIII. 1822—1823. SPb., 1830.
24. Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Sobraniye vtoroye (PSZRI-II) [Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. The second corpus]. Vol. XII. 1837. Otd. 1-е. SPb., 1838.
25. PSZRI-II. Vol. XIII. 1838. Otd. 1-е. Spb., 1839.
26. PSZRI-II. Vol. XIV. 1839. Otd. 1-е. SPb., 1840.
27. PSZRI-II. Vol. XIX. 1844. Otd. 1-е. SPb., 1845.
28. PSZRI-II. Vol. XXIX. 1854. Otd. 2-е. SPb., 1855.
29. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy voenno-istoricheskiy arkhiv (RGVIA) [Russian State Military History Archive]. F. 400. Оp. 1. D. 5025.
30. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy istoricheskiy arkhiv (RGIA) [Russian State History Archive]. F. 381. Оp. 44. D. 20673.
31. RGIA. F. 383. Оp. 25. D. 38843.
32. Remnev А. V. Imperskaya istoriya Rossii: aziatskiy vektor [Russian imperial history: the Asian vector]. Vestnik Omskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta - Herald of Omsk University, 2007, no 4, pp. 7-23.
33. Remnev А. V. Samoderzhavie i Sibir. Administrativnaya politika v pervoy polovine XIX v. / otv. red. А. P. Tolochko [Autocracy and Siberia. Administrative policies in early XIX century, ed. A. P. Talochka]. Omsk, 1995. 236 p.
34. Remnev А. V., Suvorova N. G. Kolonizatsiya aziatskoy Rossii: imperskie i natsionalnye stsenarii [Colonization of Asian Russia: Imperial and national scenarios]. Omsk, Nauka Publ., 2013. 248 p.
35. Sibir v sostave Rossiyskoy imperii / red. L. М. Dameshek, А. V. Remnev [Siberia in the Russian Empire, eds.: L. M. Dameshek, A. V. Remnev]. Moscow, New Literary Review Publ., 2007. 368 p.
36. Sukhikh О. Е. Kak “chuzhie” stanovyatsya “svoimi”, ili Leksika vklyucheniya kazakhskoy stepi v imperskoe prostranstvo Rossii [As “them” become “us” or incorporating vocabulary of the Kazakh steppe in the space of imperial Russia]. Vestnik Evrasii - Bulletin of Eurasia, 2005, no 3, p. 5-29.
37. Tsentralnyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Respubliki Kazakhstan (TsGA RK) [Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. F. 78. Оp. 2. D. 18.
38. TsGA RK. F. 383. Оp. 1. D. 73а.