Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal.2016. № 4 (20). P. 119—131
07.00.00 HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND ARCHEOLOGY
UDC 94 (571)“1926/1939”+316.444 (571)
Isaev Viktor Ivanovich, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher
Institute of History of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
SOCIAL MOBILITY OF COUNTRY PEOPLE OF SIBERIA AS BASIS OF GROWING WORKING CLASS DURING INDUSTRIALIZATION (1926—1939)
Abstract
Based on the interdisciplinary approach, combining historical and sociological methods, the article considers social, economic and political reasons and conditions of the increased social mobility of the Siberian peasantry during industrialization of USSR national economy. The archival and published during the studied period materials show that in the 1930s migrants of the Siberian village amounted from ⅔ to ⅘ of the newest addition to the workforce. In the terms of forced collectivization and ruin of most peasants the social status of a worker appeared to be more attractive which led to mass migration of Siberian country people to the cities. The Soviet state tried to regulate and direct such spontaneous migration. The fact that most migrants from the village were illiterate or semiliterate led to stagnation or even decrease in cultural and technological level of working class and its other social characteristics. Despite some negative aspects of this migration, the modernization of the society during the studied period can be considered a positive result. Both the share of city dwellers in the social composition of Siberian population and the share of workers in the urban population rose significantly. The author concludes that the processes of collectivization and industrialization played as means of social mobility that transferred a considerable part of country people of the Siberian region to the working class.
Key words
Siberia, social mobility, migration, working class, peasantry, industrialization, collectivization, means of social mobility.
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