Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal.2017. № 1 (21). P. 180—186
07.00.00 HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND ARCHEOLOGY
UDC 94(470.56)“1941/1945”:614.2(091)
Fedorova Alla Vladimirovna, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
Orenburg State Agrarian University
CHKALOV INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY DURING GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Abstract
The article shows the contribution of Chkalov (Orenburg) Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology to the victory over Nazi Germany. During the early part of the Great Patriotic War the Chkalov Institute joined two evacuee Institutes of Epidemiology and Microbiology from Smolensk and Moscow. From October 1942 till April 1943 the Chkalov epidemiologists worked with the specialists evacuated from Kharkov Ukrainian Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. I. I. Mechnikov.
The Chkalov Institute primarily expanded the activities of the manufacturing sector by deploying two serum department in Belozersk and Novosergiyevka District. In addition to the production program the Institute led a research project headed by Assistant Professor S. G. Mironov. Scientific staff contributed a lot to the development of new disinfectants to prevent and control typhoid fever. The manufacture of medications for the front in 1944 was 160% mastered.
In 1945 the Institute produced 16 different microbicides including the most valuable anaerobic serums — anti-tetanic and anti-gangrene ones. In terms of anti-tetanic serum production the Institute ranked second in the USSR and regarding anti gangrene one it ranked first. The Institute provided with antibacterial drugs not only the front and the Chkalov area but other cities as well..
Key words
The Great Patriotic War, the Urals, epidemiology, infectious diseases, bacteriological service, production of bactericidal drugs, anti-tetanic serum, anti-gangrene serum, septic sore throat, typhus.
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