Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2018. № 1(25). P. 44—55
03.00.00 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
UDC 569.735.51:591.471(470.55/57)“627”
Kosintsev Pavel Andreevich, Candidate of Biological Sciences
Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Kisagulov Anton Vladimirovich, engineer
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
FOSSIL REMAINS OF AUROCHS AND CATTLE FROM THE HOLOCENE SITES OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Abstract
The article presents the results of the identification of bones of the genus Bos of Middle and Late Holocene found in the Southern Trans-Urals as belonging to the wild (Bos primigenius) and domestic forms (B. taurus). The analysis is made on the basis of morphometric features. The analysis of the size of cattle bones of middle and late subboreal (SB2 — SB3) and the Subatlantic period (SA) found in Eastern Europe allowed to establish
their maximum values. These values were used to differentiate the wild and domestic forms of Bos sp. bones from Trans-Urals. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of variational series and maximum sizes of horns, M3 lengths, m3, astragalus and calcaneus and width of the lower end of the humeral and upper end of the bones of Bos sp. found in the Southern Trans-Ural region with such of an auroch from the locations of Europe and cattle of Eastern Europe. The maximum sizes of some bones of Bos sp. from the Trans-Urals exceed the similar sizes of bones of cattle. These bones were found in the following archeological sites: Arkaim, Ustye, Kuysak, Kamenniy Ambar, Sintashta and Kulevchi III. They belong to the auroch. All the sites where the bones of auroch were found date back to the middle of the subboreal period (SB2, 4100—3200 years ago). Thus, the auroch lived in the Southern Trans-Urals until the middle of the subboreal period and was hunted by the ancient population.
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Bibliography link to this article:
Kosintsev P. A., Kisagulov A. V. Fossil remains of aurochs and cattle from the Holocene sites of the Southern Urals. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2018, no. 1 (25), pp. 44—55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2018.25.5.