Byalt Vyacheslav Vjacheslavovich, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Scientific Researcher
Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Firsov Gennady Afanasevich, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Scientific Researcher
Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Byalt Aleksei Vyacheslavovich, Postgraduate Student
St. Petersburg State Forestry University Orlova Larisa Vladimirovna, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Scientific Researcher
Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
THE CULTURAL FLORA OF ST. PETERSBURG (RUSSIA) AND ITS ANALYSIS
Abstract
The article gives a list of grassy and woody open ground cultivated plants (both introduced and aboriginal) of Saint-Petersburg (North-Western Russia). The list includes literatural and herbaria data, as well as the data of original investigation of urban’s territory in autumn 2018. Families, genera and species are arranged alphabetically. The list of flora is given within the administrative borders of Saint-Petersburg — for public places of common usage: city parks and gardens, boulevards, squares, streets and areas around buildings. The plants from botanical gardens and large dendrological collections were not included. The criteria of naturalization is the presence of selfseeding or vegetative reproduction. The list includes 1180 species of 120 families, 438 genera. The largest families among cultivated plants of Saint-Petersburg are Rosaceae — 183 species of 36 genera, Asteraceae — 100 species of 57 genera and Pinaceae —71 species of 6 genera. The decorative and fruit trees and shrubs (467 species, 39%) and perennial herbs (427 species or 36%) dominate. According to zonal-climatic provenance species of south-moderate (602 species or (51%) and moderate (377 species, 32%) climatic zones dominate, and by geographical origin — Eurasian (32%) and European (21%) species. There are also species of exotic origin (from Africa, Australia and South America). The main part of grassy introducents (about 60%) does not develop signs of naturalization, which means that they don’t produce seed or vagetative propagation. The naturalization is found for 472 species amounting to 40%. They are included into adventive flora of the region as a special group of species-ergaziophytophytes. As for economic usage, decorative species dominate — there are 907 species which are cultivated mostly as decorative ones. The majority of species (720 species, more than 60%) occur seldom and singularly. There are 230 species (about 20%) which occur quite often. And, finally, only 50 species may be considered to be common.
Key words
Cultivated plants, introduction, naturalization, cultural flora, plant resources, St. Petersburg.
1. Antipina G. S., Rokhlova E. L. Annotirovannyi spisok travyanistykh introdutsentov Yuzhnoi Karelii [Checklist of herbaceous plants in South Karelia]. Hortus Botanicus, 2015, vol. 10, pp. 107—149. Available at: http://hb.karelia.ru/journal/article.php?id=2601. DOI: 10.15393/j4.art.2015.2601. (In Russian)
2. Blagovidov N. L. Pochvy [Soils]. Priroda Leningrada i okrestnostei [The nature of Leningrad and its environs]. Leningrad, Lenizdat Publ., 1964, pp. 30—51. (In Russian)
3. Bulygin N. E., Dovgulevich Z. N. Nekotorye rezul’taty matematicheskogo analiza vekovykh fenologicheskikh ryadov [Some results of mathematical analysis of secular phenological series]. Mezhvuzovskii sbornik zakonchennykh nauchno-issledovatel’skikh rabot [Interuniversity collection of completed research projects]. Leningrad, LTA Publ., 1974, is. 2, pp. 36—40. (In Russian)
4. Bulygin N. E., Svyazeva O. A., Firsov G. A. Dendrologicheskie fondy sadov i parkov Leningrada [Dendrological foundations of gardens and parks of Leningrad]. Leningrad, 1991. 66 p. Dep. v VINITI 28.06.91, no. 2790-V91. (In Russian)
5. Reiman A. L. (comp). V sadakh Peterburga [In the gardens of St. Petersburg]. St. Petersburg, UGIOP SPbGDTYu Publ., 1995. 116 p. (In Russian)
6. Vasil’ev S. V. Semennoe razmnozhenie drevesnykh rastenii v gorodskikh usloviyakh (na primere Sankt-Peterburga): avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk [Seed propagation of woody plants in urban conditions (on the example of St. Petersburg). Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. St. Petersburg, 2012. 21 p. (In Russian)
7. Vedenyapina E. G., Volchanskaya A. V., Malysheva V. F., Malysheva E. F., Firsov G. A. Pochvoobitayushchie vidy roda Phytophtora v Botanicheskom sadu BIN RAN. I. Pervye nakhodki Ph. citricola, Ph. plurivora i Ph. quercina v Rossii [Soil species of the genus Phytophtora in the Botanical Garden of the BIN RAS. I. First records of Ph. citricola, Ph. plurivora and Ph. quercina in Russia]. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya — Micology and Phytopatology, 2014, vol. 48, is. 4, pp. 263—273. (In Russian)
8. Vedenyapina E. G., Firsov G. A., Volchanskaya A. V., Vorob’ev N. I. Pochvoobitayushchie vidy roda Phytophthora v Botanicheskom sadu BIN RAN. II. Rezul’taty dvukhletnego monitoringa [Soil-borne Phytophthora species in Botanical garden of RAS. II. Results of 2-years monitoring]. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya — Micology and Phytopatology, 2014, vol. 48, is. 5, pp. 322—332. (In Russian)
9. Vizhintas E. V. Kharakteristika drevesnykh rastenii Mikhailovskogo sada g. Sankt-Peterburga[Characterization of woody plants of the Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg]. Landshaftnaya arkhitektura i sadovo-parkovoe stroitel’stvo: sovremennye tendentsii: materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Voronezh, 3—4 sent. 2010 g. [Landscape architecture and landscape construction: current trends. Proceed. of the Internat. sci.-pract. conf., Voronezh, Sept. 3—4, 2010]. Voronezh, 2010, vol. 2, pp. 197—203. (In Russian)
10. Voloshchuk A. Ya., Voronkov N. N. Zelenye nasazhdeniya vnutrikvartal’nogo ozeleneniya v Sankt-Peterburge [Green areas of intra quarter gardening in St. Petersburg]. St. Petersburg, SPb gos. lesotekhn. akad. im. S. M. Kirova Publ., 2009. 47 p. (In Russian)
11. Vol’f E. L. Nablyudeniya nad morozostoikost’yu derevyanistykh rastenii [Observations of frost resistance of woody plants]. Trudy byuro po prikladnoi botanike, 1917, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1—146. (In Russian)
12. Gusev Yu. D. Dopolneniya k adventivnoi flore severo-zapadnykh oblastei Evropeiskoi Rossii [Additions to the adventive flora of northwestern regions of European Russia]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1973, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 904—909. (In Russian)
13. Gusev Yu. D. Izmeneniya ruderal’noi flory Leningradskoi oblasti za 200 let [Changes in the ruderal flora of the Leningrad Region for 200 years]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1968, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 1569—1579. (In Russian)
14. Gusev Yu. D. Naturalizatsiya amerikanskikh rastenii v basseine Finskogo zaliva [Naturalization of American plants in the Gulf of Finland]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1964, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 1262—1271. (In Russian)
15. Gusev Yu. D. Novye dannye po adventivnoi flore Leningradskoi i sosednikh oblastei [New data on the adventive flora of Leningrad and adjacent regions]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1978, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 586—589. (In Russian).
16. Gusev Yu. D. Novye svedeniya o rasprostranenii adventivnykh rastenii na severo-zapade SSSR [New data on the spread of adventive plants in the north-west of the USSR]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1975, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 380—387. (In Russian)
17. Gusev Yu. D. Rasselenie rastenii po zheleznym dorogam severo-zapada Evropeiskoi Rossii [Plant resettlement along railroads of northwestern European Russia]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1971, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 347—360. (In Russian)
18. Darinskii A. V. Geografiya Leningrada [Geography of Leningrad]. Leningrad, Lenizdat Publ., 1982. (In Russian)
19. Dekorativnye travyanistye rasteniya dlya otkrytogo grunta. T. 1 (Agavovye — Sitnikovye) [Decorative grassy plants for an open ground. Vol. 1 (Agavaceae — Juncaceae)]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1977. 331 p. (In Russian)
20. Dekorativnye travyanistye rasteniya dlya otkrytogo grunta. T. 2 (Lileinye — Imbirnye) [Decorative grassy plants for an open ground. Vol. 2 (Liliaceae — Zyngiberaceae)]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1977. 459 p. (In Russian)
21. Derev’ya i kustarniki SSSR: v 6 t. [Trees and shrubs of the USSR. In 6 vol.]. Moscow ; Leningrad, AN SSSR Publ., 1949—1962. (In Russian)
22. Dobrovol’skii A. A., Neshataev V. Yu., Zhukova E. A. Drevesnye rasteniya Mikhailovskogo sada Sankt-Peterburga [Woody plants of the Mikhailovsky garden in Saint Petersburg]. Rol’ botanicheskikh sadov v sokhranenii i monitoringe bioraznoobraziya Kavkaza: materialy yubil. mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [The role of botanical gardens in the conservation and monitoring of Caucasian biodiversity. Proceed. of the anniversary Internat. sci. conf.]. Sukhum, 2016, pp. 175—179. (In Russian)
23. Zhukova E. A., Dobrovol’skii A. A., Potokin A. F. Sovremennoe sostoyanie flory Mikhailovskogo sada g. Sankt-Peterburga [The current state of the flora of the Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg]. Sokhranenie raznoobraziya rastitel’nogo mira v botanicheskikh sadakh: traditsii, sovremennost’, perspektivy: materialy mezhdunar. konf., posvyashch. 70-letiyu Tsentr. sib. bot. sada [Preservation of the diversity of the plant world in the Botanical Gardens: traditions, modernity, prospects. Proceed. of the Internat. сonf. dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden]. Novosibirsk, TsSBS SO RAN Publ., 2016, pp. 106—108. (In Russian)
24. Zhukova E. A., Mel’nikov V. Yu. Sovremennoe sostoyanie flory Letnego sada g. Sankt-Peterburga posle restavratsii [The current state of the flora of the Summer Garden of St. Petersburg after restoration]. Biologicheskoe raznoobrazie. Introduktsiya rastenii: materialy Shestoi mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [Biological diversity. Plant introduction. Proceed. of the 6th Internat. sci. conf.]. St. Petersburg, 2016, pp. 129—132. (In Russian)
25. Ignat’eva M. E. Flora dikorastushchikh rastenii botanicheskogo sada LTA [Flora of wild plants in the LTA botanical garden]. Leningrad, LTA Publ., 1994. 28 p. (In Russian)
26. Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel’ rastenii Karel’skogo peresheika [Illustrated manual for plants of the Karelian isthmus]. St. Petersburg, SpetsLit, SPKhFA Publ., 2000. 478 p. (In Russian)
27. Illyustrirovannyi opredelitel’ rastenii Leningradskoi oblasti [Illustrated manual of plants of the Leningrad region]. Moscow, T-vo nauch. izd. KMK Publ., 2006. 799 p. (In Russian)
28. Katalog kollektsii zhivykh rastenii Botanicheskogo sada BIN AN SSSR [Catalog of the collection of living plants of the BIN Botanical garden of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1973. 150 p. (In Russian)
29. Shver Ts. A., Altykis E. V., Evteeva L. S. (ed.) Klimat Leningrada [Leningrad climate]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1982. 252 p. (In Russian)
30. Klimat Sankt-Peterburga i ego izmeneniya [The climate of St. Petersburg and its changes]. St. Petersburg, Gl. geofiz. observatoriya im. A. I. Voeikova Publ., 2010. 256 p. (In Russian)
31. Konechnaya G. Yu., Ignat’eva M. E. Dikorastushchie travyanistye rasteniya parka Botanicheskogo instituta im. V. L. Komarova RAN [Spontaneous herbaceous plants in the park of the Komarov Botanical Institute]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1996, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 96—105. (In Russian)
32. Krasnaya kniga Leningradskoi oblasti: Ob’’ekty rastitel’nogo mira [Red Book of Leningrad province. Objects of vegetable world]. St. Petersburg, Marafon Publ., 2018. 848 p. (In Russian)
33. Krasnaya kniga prirody Sankt-Peterburga [Red Book of Nature of St. Petersburg]. St. Petersburg, Professional Publ., 2004. 416 p. (In Russian)
34. Krasnaya kniga Sankt-Peterburga [Red Book of St. Petersburg]. St. Petersburg, 2018. 568 p. (In Russian)
35. Kul’turnaya flora travyanistykh dekorativnykh mnogoletnikov srednei polosy Rossii. Atlas-opredelitel’ [Cultural flora of herbaceous perennials in Central European Russia. Field guide]. Moscow, Fiton+ Publ., 2011. 432 p. (In Russian)
36. Lavrent’ev N. V., Potokin A. F., Firsov G. A. Istoriya introduktsii i sovremennoe sostoyanie Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae) v botanicheskom sadu Sankt-Peterburgskogo lesotekhnicheskogo universiteta [The history of introduction and the current state of Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae) in the Botanical garden of St. Petersburg Forestry University]. Vestnik Orlovskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2013, no. 1, pp. 58—65. (In Russian)
37. Lipskii V. I., Meissner K. K. Perechen’ rastenii, rasprostranennykh v kul’ture Imperatorskim S.-Peterburgskim Botanicheskim sadom [List of plants distributed in cultivation by Imperial St.-Petersburg Botanic garden]. Imperatorskii S.-Peterburgskii Botanicheskii sad za 200 let ego sushchestvovaniya (1713—1913) [The Imperial St. Petersburg Botanical Garden for 200 years of its existence (1713—1913)]. Petrograd, 1913—1915, part 3, pp. 537—560. (In Russian)
38. Lukomskaya K. Gravilat krupnolistnyi (Geum macrophyllum Willd.) kak efirno-maslichnoe rastenie [Geum macrophyllum Willd. as an essential oil plant]. Uchenye zapiski Leningradskogo pedagogicheskogo instituta im. Gertsena, Leningrad, 1955, pp. 109. (In Russian)
39. Lunina N. M., Gaishun V. V., Svitkovskaya O. I., Ryzhenkova Yu. I. Taksonomicheskii sostav kul’turnoi flory dekorativnykh travyanistykh rastenii Belarusi [Taxonomic composition of the cultural flora of ornamental herbaceous plants of Belarus]. Vestsі NAN Belarusі. Ser. bіyal. navuk — Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Biological series, 2008, no. 2, pp. 9—13. (In Russian)
40. Maevskii P. F. Flora srednei polosy evropeiskoi chasti Rossii [Flora of the middle zone of the European Russia]. Moscow, T-vo nauch. izd. KMK Publ., 2006. 600 p. (In Russian)
41. Myalik A. N. Sovremennyi sostav kul’turnoi flory regiona Pripyatskogo Poles’ya [The modern composition of the cultural flora of the Pripyat Polesje region]. Kul’turnaya i dikorastushchaya flora Belorusskogo Poles’ya: sb. materialov III mezhvuz. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Cultural and wild flora of the Belorussian Polesje. Proceed. of the III Interuniversity sci.-pract. conf.]. Brest, 2016, pp. 102—104. (In Russian)
42. Myalik A. N., Zhitenev L. A. Kul’turnaya flora tsentral’noi chasti Belorusskogo Poles’ya: sovremennyi sostav, botanicheskoe raznoobrazie, khozyaistvennoe znachenie [Cultural flora of the central part of the Belorussian Polesje: modern composition, botanical diversity, economic importance]. Hortus Botanicus, 2018, vol. 13, pp. 90—154. Available at: http://hb.karelia.ru/journal/article.php?id=5123. DOI: 10.15393/j4.art.2018.5123. (In Russian)
43. Nekrasova V. L. Flora g. Sankt-Peterburga i ego blizhaishikh okrestnostei v XVIII v. [Flora of Petersburg and its nearest surroundings in 18th century]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1959, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 249—261. (In Russian)
44. Pokrovskaya T. V., Bychkova A. T. Klimat Leningrada i ego okrestnostei [The climate of Leningrad and its environs]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1967. 200 p. (In Russian)
45. Popov V. I. Adventivnyi komponent sinantropnoi flory Sankt-Peterburga: dis. … kand. biol. nauk [Adventive component of the St.-Petersburg synanthropic flora. Cand. Dis.]. St. Petersburg, BIN RAN Publ., 2000. 294 p. (In Russian)
46. Popov V. I. Analiz adventivnogo elementa flory S.-Peterburgskogo morskogo porta [Analysis of adventive element in the flora of the St. Petersburg sea harbour area]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1995, vol. 80, no. 12, pp. 104—107. (In Russian)
47. Popov V. I. Novye zanosnye vidy sosudistykh rastenii okrestnostei S.-Peterburga [The new adventive species of vascular plants from the neighbourhood of St. Petersburg]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1993, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 127. (In Russian)
48. Popov V. I. Novye i redkie adventivnye vidy rastenii S.-Peterburga [The new and rare adventive plant species of St. Petersburg]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1996, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 103—106. (In Russian)
49. Popov V. I. O novykh i redkikh adventivnykh vidakh okrestnostei S.-Peterburga [On the new and rare adventive plant species of St. Petersburg neighbourhood]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1994, vol. 79, no. 7, pp. 124—127. (In Russian)
50. Popov E. Pervyi mikolog Rossii — Iogann Anton Veinman (Johann Anton Weinmann) [Johan Anton Weinmann — First micologist in Russia]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261551954_Pervyj_mikolog_Rossii_-_Iogann_Anton_Vejnman_Johann_Anton_Weinmann. (In Russian)
51. Rasteniya otkrytogo grunta Botanicheskogo sada Botanicheskogo instituta im. V. L. Komarova [Open ground plants of the Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute]. St. Petersburg, 2002. 255 p. (In Russian)
52. Regel’ E. L. Spisok derev’ev i kustarnikov, proizrastayushchikh v Peterburge i ego okrestnostyakh [List of trees and shrubs growing in St. Petersburg and its surroundings]. St. Petersburg, 1858. 12 p. (In Russian)
53. Sankt-Peterburg: entsiklopediya. 2 izd., ispr. i dop. [St. Petersburg. Encyclopedia. 2nd ed.]. St. Petersburg, Biznes-pressa Publ., Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2006. 1024 p. (In Russian)
54. Sankt-Peterburg: entsiklopediya, 2019 [St. Petersburg. Encyclopedia. 2019]. Available at: http://www.encspb.ru/object/2803997600?lc=ru. (In Russian)
55. Svyazeva O. A. Derev’ya, kustarniki i liany parka Botanicheskogo sada Botanicheskogo instituta im. V. L. Komarova [Trees, shrubs and creepers of the Botanical Garden Park of the V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute]. St. Petersburg, Rostok Publ., 2005. 384 p. (In Russian)
56. Semevskii V. I. Pavlovsk. Ocherk istorii i opisanie. 1777—1877 [Pavlovsk. Essay history and description]. St. Petersburg, 1877. 670 p. (In Russian)
57. Fal’k I. P. O zdeshnikh derev’yakh i kustakh, kotorye godny v sadakh k alleyam i shpalernikam [About local trees and bushes that are suitable in gardens to alleys and trellis]. Trudy Vol’nogo ekonomicheskogo obshchestva k pooshchreniyu v Rossii zemledeliya i domostroitel’stva [Trudy Free Economy Society to promote farming and home building in Russia]. St. Petersburg, 1766, part. 2, pp. 11—32. (In Russian)
58. Fedorova N. B. Zelenye nasazhdeniya Sankt-Peterburga i monitoring ikh sostoyaniya [St. Petersburg green areas and monitoring of their condition]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa — Lesnoi vestnik — Bulletin of Moscow State Forest University — Forest Bulletin, 2009, no. 5, pp. 202—206. (In Russian)
59. Firsov G. A. Drevesnye rasteniya botanicheskogo sada Petra Velikogo (XVIII—XXI vv.) i klimat Sankt-Peterburga [Woody plants of Peter the Great Botanical Garden (XVIII—XXI centuries) and the climate of St. Petersburg]. Botanika: istoriya, teoriya, praktika (k 300-letiyu osnovaniya Botanicheskogo instituta im. V. L. Komarova Rossiiskoi akademii nauk): tr. mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [Botany: history, theory, practice (on the 300th anniversary of the founding of the V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences). Proceed. of the Internat. sci. conf.]. St. Petersburg, SPbGETU “LETI” Publ., 2014, pp. 208—215. (In Russian)
60. Firsov G. A. Drevesnye rasteniya sovremennoi kollektsii Botanicheskogo sada Petra Velikogo, vvedennye im v kul’turu [Woody plants of the modern collection of Peter the Great Botanic Garden introduced into cultivation]. Hortus botanicus, 2015, vol. 10, pp. 39—55. Available at: http://hb.karelia.ru/journal/article.php?id=2701. DOI: 10.15393/j4.art.2015.2701. (In Russian)
61. Firsov G. A. Urovni adaptirovannosti drevesnykh rastenii i fenologicheskaya situatsiya v Sankt-Peterburge v usloviyakh potepleniya klimata [Adaptability levels of woody plants and the phenological situation in St. Petersburg under conditions of climate warming]. Trudy XIV s’’ezda Russkogo botanicheskogo obshchestva i konferentsii “Botanika v sovremennom mire” (Makhachkala, 18—23 iyunya 2018 g.) [Proceedings of the XIV Congress of the Russian Botanical Society and the conference “Botany in the Modern World” (Makhachkala, June 18—23, 2018). Vol. 2: Geobotany. Botanical resource study. Plant introduction. Cultivated plants]. Makhachkala, ALEF Publ., 2018, Vol. 2: Geobotanika. Botanicheskoe resursovedenie. Introduktsiya rastenii. Kul’turnye rasteniya, pp. 338—341. (In Russian)
62. Firsov G. A., Bulgakov T. S. Sovremennoe sostoyanie vyazov (Ulmus L., Ulmaceae) v parke-dendrarii Botanicheskogo sada Petra Velikogo v usloviyakh epifitotii gollandskoi bolezni vyazov [The current state of elm trees (Ulmus L., Ulmaceae) in the arboretum park of Peter the Great Botanical Garden under the conditions of Dutch elm disease epiphytotics]. Hortus botanicus, 2017, vol. 12, pp. 219—239. Available at: http://hb.karelia.ru/journal/article.php?id=3962. DOI: 10.15393/j4.art.2017.3962. (In Russian)
63. Firsov G. A., Byalt V. V. Obzor drevesnykh ekzotov, dayushchikh samosev v g. Sankt-Peterburge (Rossiya) [Review of Woody Exotic Species Producing Self-Sowing in St. Petersburg (Russia)]. Rossiiskii zhurnal biologicheskikh invazii, 2015, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 129—152. (In Russian)
64. Firsov G. A., Vedenyapina E. G., Volchanskaya A. V. Pochvoobitayushchie fitoftory i drevesnye rasteniya v Sankt-Peterburge: novye ugrozy tret’ego tysyacheletiya [Soil-borne phytophtoras and woody plants in St. Petersburg: new threats of the third millennium]. Hortus botanicus, 2014, no. 9, pp. 18—35. Available at: http://hb.karelia.ru/journal/article.php?id=2101. DOI: 10.15393/j4.art.2014.2101. (In Russian)
65. Firsov G. A., Volchanskaya A. V. Izmenenie urovnei adaptirovannosti redkikh vidov dendroflory Rossii, introdutsirovannykh v Sankt-Peterburge za proshedshie 100 let [Changeability of levels of adaptation of threatened woody species of Russian flora, introduced in Saint-Petersburg during the last 100 years]. Rastitel’nyi mir Aziatskoi Rossii — Plant Life of Asian Russia, 2012, no. 2 (10), pp. 150—153. (In Russian)
66. Firsov G. A., Malysheva V. F., Malysheva E. F., Varfolomeeva E. A., Volchanskaya A. V. Novye dannye o rasprostranenii vidov roda Phytophthora i ikh vliyanii na sostoyanie drevesnykh rastenii v Botanicheskom sadu Petra Velikogo (BIN RAN, Sankt-Peterburg) [New data on distribution of Phytophthora species and their influence on woody plants in the Botanical garden of Peter the Great (BIN RAS, St. Petersburg)]. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya — Micology and Phytopatology, 2016, vol. 50, is. 6, pp. 401—414. (In Russian)
67. Firsov G. A., Khmarik A. G. Smeshchenie zon zimnei ustoichivosti drevesnykh rastenii na Severo-Zapade Rossii v usloviyakh potepleniya klimata [Shifting of USDA Hardiness Zones in North-Western Russia due to climate warming]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Ser. Biologiya. Nauki o Zemle, 2016, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 58—65. (In Russian)
68. Fisher F. B. Derev’ya i kustarniki, sposobnye k razvedeniyu v okrestnostyakh S.-Peterburga [Trees and shrubs cultivated in the environs of Saint-Petersburg]. Zhurnal MVD — Journal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. St. Petersburg, 1852, vol. 40, book 12, pp. 1—13. (In Russian)
69. Flora Vostochnoi Evropy. T. 9—11 [Flora of the Eastern Europe]. Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 1996—2005. (In Russian)
70. Flora evropeiskoi chasti SSSR. T. 1—8 [Flora of the European part of the URSS]. Moscow, Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1974—1994. (In Russian)
71. Novikov V. S. (ed.) Flora Moskvy [Flora of Moscow]. Moscow, Golden-Bi Publ., 2007. 512 p. (In Russian)
72. Flora Moskvy, 2019 [Flora of Moscow. 2019]. Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Флора_Москвы 2019. (In Russian)
73. Tsvelev N. N. Zametki o zlakakh flory SSSR. Ch. 5 [Notes on the cereals of the USSR flora. Part 5]. Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rastenii, 1968, vol. 5, pp. 15—18. (In Russian)
74. Tsvelev H. H. Kratkii konspekt sosudistykh sporovykh rastenii Vostochnoi Evropy [Abbreviated conspect of seedless vascular plants of Eastern Europe]. Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rastenii, 2006, vol. 37, pp. 7—46. (In Russian)
75. Tsvelev N. N. O nekotorykh introdutsirovannykh na Karel’skii peresheek (Leningradskaya oblast’) rasteniyakh Dal’nego Vostoka [On the plants of Far East introduced at the Karelian Isthmus (Leningrad region)]. Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rastenii, 2003, vol. 35, pp. 217—222. (In Russian)
76. Tsvelev N. N. O nekotorykh redkikh i zanosnykh rasteniyakh evropeiskoi chasti SSSR [On some rare and alien plants of the European part of the USSR]. Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rastenii, 1979, vol. 16, pp. 201—207. (In Russian)
77. Tsvelev N. N. Opredelitel’ sosudistykh rastenii Severo-Zapadnoi Rossii (Leningradskaya, Pskovskaya i Novgorodskaya oblasti) [Manual of the vascular plants of North-West Russia (Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod provincies)]. St. Petersburg, SPKhFA Publ., 2000. 781 p. (In Russian)
78. Tsvelev N. N. O topolyakh (Populus, Salicaceae) Sankt-Peterburga i Leningradskoi oblasti [On Populus, Salicaceae of St. Petersburg and Leningrad Province]. Botanicheskii zhurnal, 2001, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 70—78. (In Russian)
79. Tsyplenkov V. P. Pochvy [Soils]. Priroda Leningradskoi oblasti i ee okhrana [The Nature of the Leningrad region and its protection]. Leningrad, Lenizdat Publ., 1983, pp. 55—59. (In Russian)
80. Shevtsov A. N. Konspekt flory g. Moskvy [Synopsis of the Moscow city flora]. Byulleten’ Glavnogo botanicheskogo sada, 1997, is. 174, pp. 47—57. (In Russian)
81. Shevtsov A. N. Floristicheskie issledovaniya v gorodakh [Floristic investigations in cities]. Byulleten’ Glavnogo botanicheskogo sada, 2018, is. 4 (204), pp. 74—85. (In Russian)
82. Shtiglits E. O., Izotova T. V., Vizhintas E. V. Kharakteristika drevesnykh rastenii Mikhailovskogo sada g. Sankt-Peterburga [Characteristic of woody plants of the Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg] Landshaftnaya arkhitektura i sadovo-parkovoe stroitel’stvo: sovremennye tendentsii: materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Voronezh, 3—4 sent. 2010 g. [Landscape architecture and landscape construction: current trends. Proceed. of the Internat. sci.-pract. conf., Voronezh, Sept. 3—4, 2010]. Voronezh, 2010, vol. 2, pp. 197—203. (In Russian)
83. Konechnaya G., Ignatyava M., Stewart G. St. Petersburg. Plants and Habitats of European Cities. New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, Springer, 2011, pp. 407—452.
84. Meinshausen K. Fr. Flora Ingrica oder Aufzählung und Beschreibung der blüthenpflanzen und Gefäss-Cryptogamen des Gouvernements St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg, 1878. 512 p.
85. Pigott D. Lime-trees and Basswoods. A Biological Monograph of the Genus Tilia. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2012. 395 p.
86. Retkeilykasvio. Ed. 4. Helsinki, 1998. 656 p.
87. Ruprecht F. J. Flora Ingrica sive historia plantarum gubernii Petropolitani. Vol. 1. Petropoli, 1860. 670 p.
88. Sobolewsky G. Flora petropolitana. Petropoli, 1799. 352 p.
89. Weinmann J. A. Elenchus plantarum Horti Imperialis Pawlowskiensis et agri Petropolitani. Petropoli, 1824. 472 p.
Bibliography link to this article:
Byalt V. V., Firsov G. A., Byalt A. V., Orlova L. V. The cultural flora of St. Petersburg (Russia) and its analysis. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2019, no. 2 (30), pp. 11—103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2019.30.2.