Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2019. № 4 (32). P. 66—79
07.00.00 HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND ARCHEOLOGY
UDC 94(470.331)“1941/1945”
Bolokina Lyubov Aleksandrovna, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associated Professor
Tver State Technical University
NEGATIVE SENTIMENT OF KALININ RESIDENTS IN 1941—1943
Abstract
The article highlights critical sentiments of Kalinin residents against the authorities in years of the Great Patriotic War. The article reveals the factors of occurrence and spread of negative attitudes, the periods of their aggravation and the reasons for discontent in different population categories. Negative attitudes of some Kalinin residents were caused by home and foreign policies of the Soviet government, the actions of local party authorities, incompetence of the officials to solve social problems. The spokesmen of those negative attitudes were first of all evacuated citizens and persons mobilized for different works and military families in difficult life situations.
Key words
Collective farms, taxes, military defense works, community spirits, the Soviet power, evacuated citizens.
1. Bolokina L. A. Nastroeniya zhitelei Kalininskoi oblasti v nachale Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Community spirit in Kalinin region at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War]. Vestnik Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. Istoriya — Herald of Tver State University. Series: History, 2009, no. 4, pp. 34—49. (In Russian)
2. Bolokina L. A. Negativnye nastroeniya zhitelei Kalininskoi oblasti nakanune Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Negative community spirit in the Kalinin region on the eve of the Great Patriotic War]. Izvestiya Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta — Izvestiya of Altai State University, 2009, no. 4, vol. 4, pp. 32—35. (In Russian)
3. Velikaya Otechestvennaya voina 1941—1945. Voenno-istoricheskie ocherki: v 4 kn. [The Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. Military historical essays. In 4 books]. Moscow, 1998—1999. (In Russian)
4. Golubev A. V. “My zhdali vtorogo fronta”: soyuzniki glazami sovetskogo obshchestva v gody Vtoroi mirovoi voiny [“We waited for the second front”: the allies through the eyes of Soviet society during the World War II]. Rossiiskaya istoriya, 2009, no. 6, pp. 3—27. (In Russian)
5. Golubev A. V., Porshneva O. S. Obraz soyuznika v soznanii rossiiskogo obshchestva v kontekste mirovykh voin [The image of an ally in the minds of Russian society in the context of world wars]. Moscow, 2011. 392 p. (In Russian)
6. Gorinov M. M. Budni osazhdennoi stolitsy: zhizn’ i nastroeniya moskvichei (1941—1942 gg.) [Everyday life of the besieged capital: life and mood of Muscovites (1941—1942)]. Otechestvennaya istoriya, 1996, no. 3, pp. 12—19. (In Russian)
7. Gorlov A. S. Sovetskaya propaganda v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Soviet propaganda during the Great Patriotic War. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Moscow, 2009. 22 p. (In Russian)
8. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Tverskoi oblasti [State Archive of the Tver Region]. F. R-2043. Op. 18. D. 19.
9. Drozdov F. B. Obshchestvennye nastroeniya v Krasnoi Armii v nachal’nyi period Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (iyun’ 1941 — aprel’ 1942 g.): avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Public sentiment in the Red Army in the initial period of Great Patriotic War (June 1941 — April 1942). Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Nizhnii Novgorod, 2004. 18 p. (In Russian)
10. Zima V. F. Mentalitet narodov Rossii v voine 1941—1945 godov [The mentality of the peoples of Russia in the war of 1941—1945]. Moscow, 2000. 279 p. (In Russian)
11. Iz lichnogo arkhiva avtora. Vospominaniya R. V. Ovsyannikovoi [From the personal archive of the author. Memoirs of R. V. Ovsyannikova]. (In Russian)
12. Iz lichnogo arkhiva avtora. Vospominaniya V. I. Razygraevoi [From the personal archive of the author. Memoirs of V. I. Razygraeva]. (In Russian)
13. Irlitsyn V. I. Deyatel’nost’ organov NKVD v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny, iyul’ 1941 — noyabr’ 1942 g. (na materialakh Kalininskoi oblasti): avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The activities of the NKVD during the Great Patriotic War, July 1941 — November 1942 (based on materials from the Kalinin region). Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Tver, 1998. 24 p. (In Russian)
14. Istoriya Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny Sovetskogo Soyuza. 1941—1945: v 6 t. [The history of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. 1941—1945. In 6 volumes]. Vol. 2. Moscow, 1963. 681 p. (In Russian)
15. Istoriya Vtoroi mirovoi voiny. 1939—1945: v 12 t. [The history of the World War II. 1939—1945. In 12 volumes]. Vol. 12. Moscow, 1982. 495 p. (In Russian)
16. Kabirova A. Sh. Vlast’ i obshchestvenno-politicheskie nastroeniya v Tatarstane v period Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [The power and sociopolitical moods in Tatarstan during the Great Patriotic War (World War II)]. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. Istoriya, filologiya — Novosibirsk State University Bulletin. Series: History and Philology, 2010, vol. 9, is. 1: History, pp. 211—215. (In Russian)
17. Kabirova A. Sh. Vliyanie voiny na psikhologicheskoe sostoyanie obshchestva v tylovoi Tatarskoi ASSR (1941—1945 gg.) [The effect of war on the psychological state of society in the rear of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1941—1945)]. Ekstremal’noe v povsednevnoi zhizni naseleniya Rossii: regional’nyi aspekt: sb. materialov mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [Extreme in the everyday life of the population of Russia: regional aspect. Proceed. of the Internat. sci. conf.]. St. Petersburg, 2017, pp. 311—317. (In Russian)
18. Kats G. Pervyi shag k Berlinu [The first step to Berlin]. Tver, 1997. 128 p. (In Russian)
19. Kirpichnikova M. V. Antigitlerovskaya koalitsiya v soznanii sovetskikh lyudei v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941—1945 gg. (na materialakh Severo-Zapada SSSR): avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The anti-Hitler coalition in the minds of Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. (Based on materials from the North-West of the USSR). Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. St. Petersburg, 2009. 22 p. (In Russian)
20. Kozlov N. D., Dovzhinets M. M. Ofitsial’noe i obydennoe soznanie v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Official and everyday consciousness during the years of Great Patriotic War]. St. Petersburg, 2008. 336 p. (In Russian)
21. Kozlov N. D. Obshchestvennoe soznanie v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Public consciousness during the years of Great Patriotic War]. St. Petersburg, 1995. 140 p. (In Russian)
22. Komarov D. E. Smolenskaya oblast’ v ogne Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: voina, narod, pobeda [Smolensk region on fire of Great Patriotic War: war, people, victory]. Smolensk, 2015. 368 p. (In Russian)
23. Kondakova N. I. Dukhovnaya zhizn’ Rossii i Velikaya Otechestvennaya voina 1941—1945 gg. [The spiritual life of Russia and the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945]. Moscow, 1995. 229 p. (In Russian)
24. Lomagin N. A. Leningrad v blokade [Leningrad in blockade]. Moscow, 2005. 544 p. (In Russian)
25. Lomagin N. A. Politicheskii kontrol’ i negativnye nastroeniya leningradtsev v period Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: dis. … d-ra ist. nauk [Political control and negative sentiments of Leningrad residents during the Great Patriotic War. Dr. Dis.]. St. Petersburg, 2005. 568 p. (In Russian)
26. Malysheva E. M. Vo imya Otechestva. Patriotizm naroda v 1941—1945 gg. [In the name of the Fatherland. Patriotism of the people in 1941—1945]. Moscow, 2011. 492 p. (In Russian)
27. Nam vypalo na dolyu. Voina v pis’makh, dnevnikakh, vospominaniyakh: sbornik dokumentov i materialov [It fell to us. The war in letters, diaries, memoirs. A collection of documents and materials]. Tver, 2005. 304 p. (In Russian)
28. Pavlova T. A. Zasekrechennaya tragediya: grazhdanskoe naselenie v Stalingradskoi bitve [Secret tragedy: civilians in the Battle of Stalingrad]. Volgograd, 2005. 594 p. (In Russian)
29. Potapova A. N. Rost religioznykh nastroenii v tylu v 1941—1945 gg. [The growth of religious sentiment in the rear in 1941—1945]. Podvig sovetskogo naroda v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941—1945 gg.: materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [The feat of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. Proceed. of the Internat. sci.-pract. conf.]. Orenburg, 2015, pp. 579—583. (In Russian)
30. Semiryaga M. I. Kollaboratsionizm. Priroda, tipologiya i proyavleniya v gody Vtoroi mirovoi voiny [Collaborationism. Nature, typology and manifestations during the World War II]. Moscow, 2000. 863 p. (In Russian)
31. Senyavskaya E. S. Psikhologiya voiny v XX veke: istoricheskii opyt Rossii [The Psychology of War in the 20th Century: Russia’s Historical Experience]. Moscow, 1999. 383 p. (In Russian)
32. Sobolev G. L. Leningrad v bor’be za vyzhivanie v blokade. Kniga pervaya: iyun’ 1941 — mai 1942 [Leningrad in the struggle for survival in the blockade. Book One: June 1941 — May 1942]. St. Petersburg, 2013. 696 p. (In Russian)
33. Somov V. A. Voina i lyudi: “nezdorovye” nastroeniya sovetskogo naseleniya v 1941—1942 gg. [War and people: “unhealthy” moods of the Soviet population in 1941—1942]. Novyi istoricheskii vestnik — The New Historical Bulletin, 2008, no. 1, pp. 95—105. (In Russian)
34. Somov V. A. Potomu chto byla voina: Vneekonomicheskie faktory trudovoi motivatsii v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (1941—1945) [Because there was a war: Non-economic factors of labor motivation during the years of Great Patriotic War (1941—1945)]. Nizhnii Novgorod, 2008. 234 p. (In Russian)
35. Tverskoi tsentr dokumentatsii noveishei istorii [Tver Center for Documentation of Recent History] (TTsDNI). F. 147. Op. 3. D. 79.
36. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 345.
37. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 1148.
38. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 1152.
39. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 1204.
40. TTsDNI. F. 425. Op. 1. D. 125.
41. TTsDNI. F. 431. Op. 1. D. 604.
42. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 12931-s.
43. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 15004-s.
44. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 16861-s.
45. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 18384-s.
46. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 19451-s.
47. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 26780-s.
48. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 26781-s.
49. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 27578-s.
50. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 28213-s.
51. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 31218-s.
52. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 31433-s.
53. TTsDNI. F. 7849. D. 32448-s.
54. Tereshina O. V. Religioznaya zhizn’ naroda v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny i ee nevernaya gosudarstvennaya interpretatsiya [The religious life of the people during the Great Patriotic War and its incorrect state interpretation]. Velikaya Otechestvennaya voina — geroicheskaya i tragicheskaya stranitsy v istorii sovetskogo naroda. Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf.: sb. statei [The Great Patriotic War — a heroic and tragic page in the history of the Soviet people. International scientific-practical conf. Digest of articles]. Orenburg, 2016, pp. 366—371. (In Russian)
55. Khisamutdinova R. R. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ i obshchestvennye nastroeniya sel’skogo naseleniya Urala v usloviyakh Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Everyday life and public attitudes of the rural population of the Urals during the Great Patriotic War]. Ekstremal’noe v povsednevnoi zhizni naseleniya Rossii: regional’nyi aspekt: sbornik materialov mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [Extreme in the everyday life of the population of Russia: regional aspect. Proceed. of the Internat. sci. conf.]. St. Petersburg, 2017, pp. 270—279. (In Russian)
Bibliography link to this article:
Bolokina L. А. Negative sentiment of Kalinin residents in 1941—1943. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2019, no. 4 (32), pp. 66—79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2019.32.5.