Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2020. № 3 (35). P. 160—172
07.00.00 HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND ARCHEOLOGY
UDC 94(47)“1874/1917”
Chubarov Aleksei Igorevich, Candidate of Historical Sciences
Kursk Regional Museum of Local History and Geography
PENSION PROVISION FOR WAR CRIPPLES IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN 1874—1917 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KURSK PROVINCE)
Abstract
The article discusses the formation and development of pensions for the enlisted in the Russian army who lost their ability to work as a result of war actions during the period of 1874—1917. The reference to primary sources and published documents on the example of the Kursk province shows the regional application of the laws on pension to military invalids and depicts the activities in the territory region of the local authorities, as well as the Aleksandrovsky and Alekseevsky committees and the local branch of the Red Cross. It shows the decentralization of the activities of state institutions and public organizations that provide assistance to the “war cripples” and the attempt of the Provisional Government to systematize it within the framework of the Ministry of State Charity.
Key words
Legislation of the Russian Empire, care for military invalids, social policy, army, Aleksandrovsky Committee, Alekseevsky Committee, Russian Red Cross Society, Kursk province.
1. Belova E. E. Kul’turno-istoricheskii smysl obshchestvennogo prizreniya russkikh voennosluzhashchikh poslednei chetverti XIX — nachala XX v. (po materialam gubernii Tsentral’noi promyshlennoi oblasti): dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The cultural and historical meaning of the public charity of the Russian military personnel of the last quarter of the 19th — early 20th centuries. (Based on materials from the provinces of the Central Industrial Region). Cand. Dis.]. Yaroslavl’, 2014. 264 p. (In Russian)
2. Bukalova S. V. Polozhenie voennykh invalidov v gody Pervoi mirovoi voiny (na materialakh gubernii Chernozemnogo Tsentra) [The situation of military invalids during the First World War (based on the materials of the provinces of the Chernozem Center)]. Rossiiskaya provintsiya skvoz’ prizmu soslovno-pravovykh, etnokonfessional’nykh, sotsiokul’turnykh, mediko-sotsial’nykh i demograficheskikh kollizii v XVIII—XXI vv. Sbornik statei uchastnikov mezhdunar. nauch. konf. (Tambov, 30 avg. 2019 g.) [Russian province through the prism of estate-legal, ethno-confessional, socio-cultural, medico-social and demographic collisions in the 18th — 21st centuries. The articles of the International scientific conf. participants (Tambov, 30 Aug. 2019)]. Tambov, Print-Servis Publ., 2019, pp. 28—35. (In Russian)
3. Vlasov P. V. Blagotvoritel’nost’ i miloserdie v Rossii [Charity and mercy in Russia]. Moscow, Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2001. 443 p. (In Russian)
4. Vestnik Obshchestva povsemestnoi pomoshchi postradavshim na voine soldatam i ikh sem’yam [Herald of the World War Aid Society for Soldiers and Their Families]. 1908, no. 1. (In Russian)
5. Vysshie i tsentral’nye gosudarstvennye uchrezhdeniya Rossii. 1801—1917 gg. T. 1: Vysshie gosudarstvennye uchrezhdeniya [Higher and central state institutions of Russia. 1801—1917. Vol. 1. Higher state institutions]. St. Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 1998. 302 p. (In Russian)
6. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kurskoi oblasti [State Archives of the Kursk Region] (GAKO). F. 1. Op. 1. D. 8487.
7. GAKO. F. 1. Op. 1. D. 8643.
8. GAKO. F. 125. Op. 1. D. 212.
9. GAKO. F. 141. Op. 1. D. 131.
10. GAKO. F. 171. Op. 1. D. 85.
11. GAKO. F. 171. Op. 1. D. 86.
12. GAKO. F. 184. Op. 1. D. 11189.
13. GAKO. F. 184. Op. 1. D. 12612.
14. GAKO. F. 184. Op. 1. D. 12872.
15. GAKO. F. 184. Op. 1. D. 12873.
16. GAKO. F. 184. Op. 1. D. 13219.
17. GAKO. F. 302. Op. 1. D. 640.
18. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii [State Archives of the Russian Federation] (GARF). F. 655. Op. 1. D. 71.
19. GARF. F. 6787. Op. 1. D. 6.
20. GARF. F. 6787. Op. 1. D. 102.
21. Golovin N. N. Rossiya v Pervoi mirovoi voine [Russia in World War I]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2014. 544 p. (In Russian)
22. Doronin I. G. Kak vykhlopotat’ ezhegodnoe posobie iz Aleksandrovskogo komiteta ranenomu soldatu ili sem’e soldata, pogibshego na voine [How to procure an annual allowance from the Alexander Committee for a wounded soldier or the family of a soldier who died in the war]. Vil’no, Tip. “Promen” Publ., 1914. 16 p. (In Russian)
23. Zhuravlev V. A. Liberal’naya periodicheskaya pechat’ Petrograda i sotsial’nye problemy russkoi armii v 1917 godu [Liberal periodicals of Petrograd and social problems of the Russian army in 1917]. Uchenye zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo imeni V. B. Bobkova filiala Rossiiskoi tamozhennoi akademii — Scientific Letters of Russian Customs Academy the St.-Petersburg branch named after Vladimir Bobkov, 2015, no. 1 (53), pp. 188—199. (In Russian)
24. Korovin V. V., Marukhelin M. O., Chubarov A. I. Zhertvy voiny [Victims of the war]. Kurskaya guberniya i kuryane v Pervoi mirovoi voine: Kurskii voenno-istoricheskii sbornik [Kursk province and its inhabitants in the World War I. Kursk military history collection]. Kursk, 2014, is. 14, pp. 49—56. (In Russian)
25. Kul’chittskii A. V. Istoriya pensionnogo obespecheniya rossiyan za 1827—1917 gg.: dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The history of pension provision for Russians in 1827—1917. Cand. Dis.]. Kursk, 2011. 210 p. (In Russian)
26. Kurskie gubernskie vedomosti, 1877, no. 68, Sept. 2.
27. Matveeva N. L. Blagotvoritel’naya deyatel’nost’ imennykh komitetov chlenov imperatorskoi familii v gody Pervoi mirovoi voiny [Charitable activities of the nominal committees of the members of the imperial family during the World War I]. Moscow, MGOU Publ., 2004. 108 p. (In Russian)
28. Novitskii V. F. Voennaya entsiklopediya. T. 1 [Military encyclopedia. Vol. 1]. St. Petersburg, T-vo I. D. Sytina Publ., 1911. xxii, 320 p. (In Russian)
29. Otchet Kurskogo mestnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1912 g. [Report of the Kursk local government of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1912]. Kursk, Gor. tip. Publ., 1913. 43 p. (In Russian)
30. Otchet Osoboi komissii Verkhovnogo Soveta po prizreniyu voinskikh chinov i drugikh lits, postradavshikh v prodolzhenie nastoyashchei voiny, a takzhe ikh semeistv za 1915 g. [Report of the Special Commission of the Supreme Council for the care of military ranks and other persons who suffered during the current war, as well as their families for 1915]. Petrograd, Gos. tip. Publ., 1916. 196 p. (In Russian)
31. Pavlova I. P. Invalidy Pervoi mirovoi voiny: gosudarstvennaya pomoshch’ i blagotvoritel’naya podderzhka [Disabled people of the First World War: state aid and charitable support]. Invalidy Pervoi mirovoi voiny: doklady i vystupleniya uchastnikov II Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Disabled people of the First World War. Proceed. of the II International scientific-practical conf.]. Moscow, MNEPU Publ., 2013, pp. 17—21. (In Russian)
32. Pavlova I. P., Kattsina T. A. Sotsial’naya politika Vremennogo pravitel’stva: idei i opyt realizatsii (mart — oktyabr’ 1917 g.) [The social policy of the Provisional Government: ideas and experience of implementation (March — October, 1917)]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta — Tomsk State University Journal, 2018, no. 428, pp. 134—140. DOI: 10.17223/15617793/428/18. (In Russian)
33. Pensii i posobiya nizhnim voinskim chinam i ikh semeistvam [Pensions and allowances for lower military ranks and their families]. Moscow, Gor. tip. Publ., 1914. 20 p. (In Russian)
34. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire] (PSZRI). Coll. 2, vol. 42, otd. 1. St. Petersburg, 1871. 1208 p. (In Russian)
35. PSZRI. Coll. 2, vol. 49, otd. 1. St. Petersburg, 1876. 948 p.
36. PSZRI. Coll. 3, vol. 25, otd. 1. St. Petersburg, 1908. 956, 157 p.
37. PSZRI. Coll. 3, vol. 32, otd. 1. Petrograd, 1915. 1792, 27 p.
38. Sbornik uzakonenii i rasporyazhenii pravitel’stva o edinovremennykh i ezhemesyachnykh posobiyakh [Collection of statutes and government orders on one-time and monthly benefits]. St. Petersburg, Tip. I. N. Skorokhodova Publ., 1889. 186 p. (In Russian)
39. Smirnova A. A., Smirnov M. A. Okazanie sotsial’noi pomoshchi invalidam v period Pervoi mirovoi voiny (Opyt vzaimodeistviya vlasti i obshchestvennykh organizatsii) [Social assistance to people with disabilities during the First World War (the experience of interaction between authorities and public organizations)]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta — Bulletin of Udmurt University. History and Philology Series, 2018, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 628—633. (In Russian)
40. Sokolov A. R., Zimin I. V. Blagotvoritel’nost’ sem’i Romanovykh. XIX — nachalo XX v. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ rossiiskogo imperatorskogo dvora [Charity of the Romanov family. XIX — early XX century Everyday life of the Russian imperial court]. Moscow, Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2015. 604 p. (In Russian)
41. Stoletie Voennogo ministerstva. 1802—1902. T. XIII. Kn. 1. Aleksandrovskii komitet o ranenykh. Istoricheskii ocherk [Centenary of the War Office. 1802—1902. Vol. XIII. Book 1. Alexandrovsky Committee for the wounded. Historical essay]. St. Petersburg, Tip. P. F. Panteleeva Publ., 1902. 418 p. (In Russian)
42. Uzakoneniya, kasayushchiesya deyatel’nosti Alekseevskogo glavnogo komiteta po prizreniyu detei lits, pogibshikh v voinu s Yaponiei [Legislation concerning the activities of the Alekseevsky main committee for the care of the children of persons who died in the war with Japan]. St. Petersburg, 1908. 34 p. (In Russian)
43. Favorisov E. V. Poryadok obespecheniya uvechnykh nizhnikh chinov posobiyami ot kazny v 1867—1912 gg. [The procedure for providing disabled lower ranks with benefits from the treasury in 1867—1912]. Molodoi uchenyi. Chita, 2010, no. 9 (20), pp. 224—229. (In Russian)
44. Forsova V. V. Obshchestvennoe prizrenie voennykh i ikh semei v dooktyabr’skoi Rossii [Public charity of the military and their families in pre-October Russia]. Vestnik RAN, 1996, vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 750—758. (In Russian)
45. Chistyakov O. V. Kampanii po sboru pozhertvovanii v pol’zu Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta vo vremya Pervoi mirovoi voiny [Donation Campaigns for the Russian Red Cross Society during World War I]. Ot protivostoyaniya ideologii k sluzheniyu idealam: rossiiskoe obshchestvo v 1914—1945 gg.: sb. st. [From Confronting Ideologies to Serving Ideals: Russian Society in 1914—1945. Coll. of articles]. Moscow, 2016, pp. 71—84. (In Russian)
46. Shcherbinin P. P., Bukalova S. V. Voennye invalidy v povsednevnoi zhizni provintsial’nogo sotsiuma v gody Pervoi mirovoi voiny [Military disabled people in everyday provincial life of society during the First World War]. Vestnik gosudarstvennogo i munitsipal’nogo upravleniya, 2019, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 86—99. (In Russian)
47. Shcherbinin P. P. Osobennosti prizreniya uvechnykh voinov v Rossii v XVIII — nachale XX v. [Features of the charity of crippled soldiers in Russia in the 18th — early 20th centuries]. Voenno-istoricheskaya antropologiya. Ezhegodnik, 2003/2004. Novye nauchnye napravleniya [Military-historical anthropology. Yearbook 2003/2004. New scientific directions]. Moscow, 2005, pp. 381—399. (In Russian)
Bibliography link to this article:
Chubarov A. I. Pension provision for war cripples in the Russian Empire in 1874—1917 (on the example of the Kursk province). Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2020, no. 3 (35), pp. 160—172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2020.35.12.