Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2020. № 1 (33). P. 158—172
07.00.00 HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND ARCHEOLOGY
UDC 94(470.323+470.5)“194”
Khisamutdinova Ravilya Rahimyanovna, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
Orenburg State Pedagogical University Argunov Oleg Nikolaevich, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher
State Archive of Kursk Region
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 1948 DECREE ON THE EVICTION OF PEASANTS: A COMPARATIVE REGIONAL ANALYSIS (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE URAL REGION AND KURSK REGION)
Abstract
The article discusses the problems associated with the implementation of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of June 2, 1948 on the eviction of peasants in the rear of the Ural region and the Kursk region freed from the enemy. It was concluded that, despite the unified declared goal that was set before the party-state authorities on the ground — to strengthen labor discipline on collective farms — and the absence of fundamental differences in the methods of conducting evictions, there were serious differences between the composition of those evicted in the Kursk region and the Urals. The authors proved that the application of the Decree of June 2, 1948 was not widespread in any of the studied regions, which casts doubt on the cliché established in historiography about the “second dispossession” of the village in the second half of the 1940s.
1. Beznin M. A., Dimoni T. M. Sotsial’nyi protest kolkhoznogo krest’yanstva (vtoraya polovina 1940-kh — 1960-e gg.) [Social protest of the collective farm peasantry (second half of the 1940s — 1960s)]. Otechestvennaya istoriya, 1999, no. 3, pp. 81—99. (In Russian)
2. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Kurskoi oblasti [State Archive of Kursk Region] (GAKO). F. R-369. Op. 3. D. 13.
3. GAKO. F. R-369. Op. 3. D. 53.
4. GAKO. F. R-3322. Op. 10. D. 143.
5. GAKO. F. R-3913. Op. 2. D. 1.
6. GAKO. F. R-3922. Op. 2. D. 4.
7. GAKO. F. R-3929. Op. 3. D. 45.
8. GAKO. F. R-3934. Op. 3. D. 37.
9. GAKO. F. R-3938. Op. 2. D. 8.
10. GAKO. F. R-3938. Op. 2. D. 9.
11. GAKO. F. R-3941. Op. 2. D. 19.
12. GAKO. F. R-3941. Op. 3. D. 42.
13. GAKO. F. R-3947. Op. 3. D. 87.
14. GAKO. F. R-3958. Op. 3. D. 29.
15. GAKO. F. R-4272. Op. 2. D. 6.
16. GAKO. F. R-4272. Op. 3. D. 70.
17. GAKO. F. R-4272. Op. 3. D. 76.
18. GAKO. F. R-5006. Op. 17. D. 1.
19. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv obshchestvenno-politicheskoi istorii Kurskoi oblasti [State Archive of the Socio-Political History of the Kursk Region] (GAOPIKO). F. P-1. Op. 2. D. 773.
20. GAOPIKO. F. P-1. Op. 2. D. 1171.
21. GAOPIKO. F. P-37. Op. 1. D. 334.
22. GAOPIKO. F. P-69. Op. 1. D. 972.
23. Gosudarstvennyi obshchestvenno-politicheskii arkhiv Permskoi oblasti [State Socio-Political Archive of the Perm Region] (GOPAPO). F. 105. Op. 14. D. 134.
24. GOPAPO. F. 105. Op. 14. D. 57.
25. Zemskov V. N. Spetsposelentsy v SSSR. 1930—1960 [Special settlers in the USSR. 1930—1960]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2005. 304 p. (In Russian)
26. Zima V. F. “Vtoroe raskulachivanie” (Agrarnaya politika kontsa 40-kh — nachala 50-kh godov) [“Second dispossession” (Agrarian policy of the late 40s — early 50s)]. Otechestvennaya istoriya, 1994, no. 3, pp. 109—125. (In Russian)
27. Zubkova E. Yu. Poslevoennoe sovetskoe obshchestvo: politika i povsednevnost’. 1945—1953 [Post-war Soviet society: politics and everyday life. 1945—1953]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2000. 229 p. (In Russian)
28. Ilishev G. Sh. Bashkirskaya derevnya v pervye poslevoennye gody, 1946—1950 [Bashkir village in the first post-war years, 1946—1950]. Ufa, Bashk. kn. izd-vo Publ., 1988. 163 p. (In Russian)
29. Istoriya sovetskogo krest’yanstva: v 5 t. [History of the Soviet peasantry. In 5 volumes]. Vol. 4. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988. 499 p. (In Russian)
30. Kodintsev A. Ya. Ugolovnoe sudoproizvodstvo v SSSR v gody voiny [Criminal proceedings in the USSR during the war]. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava — History of State and Law, 2012, no. 16, pp. 42—46. (In Russian)
31. Kozlov S. S. O nekotorykh osobennostyakh pravovogo obespecheniya agrarnykh reform v poslevoennyi period v SSSR [On certain peculiarities of legal support of agrarian reforms during post-war period in the USSR]. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava — History of State and Law, 2009, no. 16, pp. 36—40. (In Russian)
32. Konyshev D. N. Ukaz Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 2 iyunya 1948 g. i ego realizatsiya (na primere Vyatskoi derevni) [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of June 2, 1948 and implementation thereof (on the example of the Vyatka village)]. Istoriya gosudarstva i prava — History of State and Law, 2014, no. 19, pp. 44—49. (In Russian)
33. Mints M. M. Levesk Zh. Izgnanie i distsiplina: iyun’skaya kampaniya 1948 g. protiv uklonyayushchikhsya ot raboty v kolkhozakh [Lévesque J. Exile and discipline: The june 1948 campaign against collective farm shirkers. Pittsburgh: Carl Beck Papers, 2006. 51 p.]. Article-abstract. Sotsial’nye i gumanitarnye nauki. Otechestvennaya i zarubezhnaya literatura. Ser. 5, Istoriya. Referativnyi zhurnal, 2008, no. 3, pp. 109—112. (In Russian)
34. Lomshin V. A., Nad’kin T. D. Derevnya Mordovii v poslevoennye gody [The village of Mordovia in the postwar years]. Saransk, Resp. tip. «Krasnyi Oktyabr’» Publ., 2006. 116 p. (In Russian)
35. Natsional’nyi arkhiv Respubliki Bashkortostan [National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan]. F. 122. Op. 28. D. 22.
36. Ob’’edinennyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Chelyabinskoi oblasti [Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region] (OGAChO). F. P-288. Op. 12. D. 162.
37. OGAChO. F. P-288. Op. 12. D. 164.
38. OGAChO. F. P-288. Op. 12. D. 166.
39. OGAChO. F. P-288. Op. 12. D. 194.
40. OGAChO. F. P-288. Op. 12. D. 201.
41. Pikhoya R. G. Pod znakom Stalina [Under the sign of Stalin]. Moscow, Rus’-Olimp Publ., St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2009. 254 p. (SSSR. Istoriya velikoi imperii). (In Russian)
42. Politbyuro TsK VKP(b) i Sovet Ministrov SSSR. 1945—1953 [Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) and the Council of Ministers of the USSR. 1945—1953]. Moscow, Rosspen Publ., 2002. 654 p. (Dokumenty sovetskoi istorii). (In Russian)
43. Popov V. P. Neizvestnaya initsiativa Khrushcheva (o podgotovke ukaza 1948 g. o vyselenii krest’yan) [Khrushchev’s unknown initiative (on the preparation of a decree of 1948 on the eviction of peasants)]. Otechestvennye arkhivy, 1993, no. 2, pp. 31—38. (In Russian)
44. Razvitie sel’skogo khozyaistva SSSR v poslevoennye gody (1946—1970 gg.): sbornik statei [The development of agriculture in the USSR in the postwar years (1946—1970). A collection of articles]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1972. 384 p. (In Russian)
45. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskoi istorii [Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History] (RGASPI). F. 17. Op. 122. D. 314.
46. RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 122. D. 315.
47. RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 138. D. 40.
48. RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 138. D. 129.
49. Rogalina N. L. Vlast’ i agrarnye reformy v Rossii XX v. [Power and agrarian reforms in Russia of the XX century]. Moscow, Entsiklopediya rossiiskikh dereven’ Publ., 2010. 230 p. (In Russian)
50. Sovetskaya derevnya v pervye poslevoennye gody, 1946—1950 [Soviet village in the first post-war years, 1946—1950]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1978. 511 p. (In Russian)
51. Strelkov A. T. Sotsial’naya anomaliya v kurskoi derevne (1943—1950 gg.). ‘‘Vtoroe raskulachivanie’’ [Social anomaly in the Kursk village (1943—1950). “Second dispossession”]. Sobytiya i lyudi v dokumentakh kurskikh arkhivov [Events and people in documents of the Kursk archives]. 2003, Is. 2, pp. 8—16. (In Russian)
52. Tolmacheva R. P. Kolkhozy Urala v pervye poslevoennye gody (1946—1950 gg.) [Collective farms of the Urals in the first post-war years (1946—1950)]. Tomsk, Tomskii un-t Publ., 1979. 220 p. (In Russian)
53. Khasyanov O. R. Praktika realizatsii Ukaza Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 2 iyunya 1948 g. v povolzhskoi derevne [The practice of implementing the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of June 2, 1948 in the Volga village]. Uspekhi sovremennoi nauki — Modern science success, 2015, no. 2, pp. 6—10. (In Russian)
54. Khasyanov O. R. ‘‘…Ikh nado vygnat’ iz sela vmeste s ikh sem’yami…’’: praktika realizatsii Ukaza Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 2 iyunya 1948 g. v Ul’yanovskoi oblasti v dokumentakh gosudarstvennykh arkhivov [“…They must be driven out of the village together with their families…”: practice of implementing the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of June 2, 1948 in the Ulyanovsk Region in documents of state archives]. Ulyanovsk, 2015. 256 p. (In Russian)
55. Khasyanov O. R. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ sovetskogo krest’yanstva v poslevoennoe vremya. 1945—1953 gg. (na materialakh Kuibyshevskoi i Ul’yanovskoi oblastei): dis. … d-ra ist. nauk [The daily life of the Soviet peasant-ry in the postwar period. 1945—1953 (based on materials from the Kuibyshev and Ulyanovsk regions). Dr. Dis.]. Samara, 2017. 459 p. (In Russian)
56. Khisamutdinova R. R. Vypolnenie Ukaza Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR “O vyselenii lits, zlostno uklonyayushchikhsya ot trudovoi deyatel’nosti v kolkhozakh i vedushchikh antiobshchestvennyi, paraziticheskii obraz zhizni” ot 2 iyunya 1948 g. v Chkalovskoi oblasti [Implementation of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR “On the eviction of persons who maliciously shy away from working on collective farms and leading an antisocial, parasitic lifestyle” of June 2, 1948 in the Chkalov region]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta — Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University, 1998, no. 2 (8), pp. 98—106. (In Russian)
57. Khisamutdinova R. R. Antikrest’yanskaya sushchnost’ Ukaza Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 2 iyunya 1948 g. i ego osushchestvlenie na Urale [The anti-peasant nature of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of June 2, 1948 and its implementation in the Urals]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta — Vestnik of the Orenburg State University, 2002, no. 8, pp. 56—62. (In Russian)
58. Khisamutdinova R. R. Agrarnaya politika Sovetskogo gosudarstva na Urale posle okonchaniya Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (iyun’ 1945 — mart 1953 g.) [The agrarian policy of the Soviet state in the Urals after the end of World War II (June 1945 — March 1953)]. Orenburg, OGPU Publ., 2003. 608 p. (In Russian)
59. Tsentr dokumentatsii obshchestvennykh organizatsii Sverdlovskoi oblasti [Documentation Center of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region]. F. 4. Op. 44. D. 234.
60. Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Udmurtskoi respubliki [Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic]. F. R-551. Op. 1. D. 88.
61. Chaika E. A. Realizatsiya Ukaza Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 2 iyunya 1948 goda ‘‘O vyselenii lits, zlostno uklonyayushchikhsya ot trudovoi deyatel’nosti v kolkhozakh i vedushchikh antiobshchestvennyi, paraziticheskii obraz zhizni’’ v Rostovskoi oblasti [Implementation of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of June 2, 1948 “On the eviction of persons who maliciously shy away from working on collective farms and leading an antisocial, parasitic lifestyle” in the Rostov Region]. Istoricheskaya i sotsial’no-obrazovatel’naya mysl’ — Historical and social-educational idea, 2014, no. 5, pp. 204—207. (In Russian)
62. Chernolutskaya E. N. “Ukazniki” na Dal’nem Vostoke (prinuditel’noe vyselenie krest’yan iz kolkhozov v 1948—1950 gg.) [Persons deported by Decree of 1948 in the Far East (forced eviction of peasants from collective farms in 1948—1950)]. Vestnik Dal’nevostochnogo otdeleniya RAN — Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2007, no. 3, pp. 102—109. (In Russian)
Bibliography link to this article:
Khisamutdinova R. R., Argunov O. N. Implementation of the 1948 Decree on the eviction of peasants: a comparative regional analysis (based on materials from the Ural region and Kursk region). Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2020, no. 1 (33), pp. 158—172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2020.33.14.