Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2020. № 1 (33). P. 69—79
07.00.00 HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND ARCHEOLOGY
UDC 94(47:497.2):070“1894/1897”
Demyanenko Nikolai Nikolaevich, Postgraduate student
Pushkin Leningrad State University
“RECONCILIATION OR FORGIVENESS?”. RUSSIAN PRESS ON THE RESUMPTION OF RUSSIA–BULGARIA RELATIONS IN 1896
Abstract
For the first time in domestic and foreign historiography the article analyzes the reaction of the Russian non-governmental press to the restoration of Russia–Bulgaria relations in 1896. The sources used represent publications from Russian newspapers and magazines from 1894 to 1897. The materials used in the article are taken from the following publications: “Vestnik Evropy”, “Moskovskiye Vedomosti”, “Novosti i Birzhevaya Gazeta”, “Novoye Vremya”, “Grazhdanin” and “The Kremlin”. The author considers and analyzes the change in public opinion regarding the attitude towards Bulgaria and the Bulgarians through the domestic press from the time of death of Alexander III to the restoration of relations in 1896. The Russian press reacted differently to the resumption of Russia–Bulgaria relations after an eight-year break. For instance, there was no unity in the views of both conservative publications among themselves and liberal ones. However, with the change in the official position of Russia, the position of most publications changed. Only conservative “Grazhdanin” newspaper and “Vestnik Evropy” magazine of those who were usually considered liberal retained their attitude towards Bulgaria, its leadership and the Bulgarians as a whole with virtually no change.
Key words
Bulgaria, Bulgarians, Ferdinand I, Russia–Bulgaria relations, Russian press.
1. Vestnik Evropy, 1895, vol. 2, book 3. (In Russian)
2. Vestnik Evropy. 1894, vol. 4, book 8. (In Russian)
3. Vestnik Evropy. 1895, vol. 4, book 8. (In Russian)
4. Vestnik Evropy. 1896, vol. 3, book 6. (In Russian)
5. Vestnik Evropy. 1896, vol. 2, book 3. (In Russian)
6. Vestnik Evropy. 1897, vol. 1, book 1. (In Russian)
7. Grazhdanin, 1895, Jan. 4, no. 4. (In Russian)
8. Grazhdanin, 1896, Jan. 28, no. 8. (In Russian)
9. Grazhdanin, 1896, Feb. 8, no. 11. (In Russian)
10. Dyulgerova N. A. Politika Rossii i Avstro-Vengrii v otnoshenii Bolgarii v kontse XIX — nach. XX v. (1896—1903): dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The policy of Russia and Austria-Hungary in relation to Bulgaria in the late XIX — early XX century (1896—1903). Cand. Dis.]. Moscow, 1985. 215 p. (In Russian)
11. Tretyakov P. N., Nikitin S. A., Valeev L. B. (eds.) Istoriya Bolgarii [History of Bulgaria]. Vol. 1. Moscow, AN SSSR Publ., 1954. 576 p. (In Russian)
12. Kadieva M. A. Politika Rossii v otnoshenii Bolgarii v poslednei chetverti XIX veka [Russian policy towards Bulgaria in the last quarter of the 19th century]. Izvestiya vuzov. Severo-Kavkazskii region. Obshchestvennye nauki, 2007, no. 3, pp. 37—39. (In Russian)
13. Kosik V. I. Vremya razryva. Politika Rossii v bolgarskom voprose 1886—1894 gg. [Break time. Russian policy on the Bulgarian issue of 1886—1894]. Moscow, In-t slavyanovedeniya i balkanistiki RAN Publ., 1993. 98 p. (In Russian)
14. Kosik V. I. Politika Rossii v Bolgarii 1879—1894 gg.: avtoref. dis. … d-ra ist. nauk [Russian policy in Bulgaria 1879—1894. Abstr. Dr. Dis.]. Moscow, 1993. 32 p. (In Russian)
15. Kosik V. I. Balkany: “Porvalas’ tsep’ velikaya…” (seredina XIX — nachalo XXI v.) [Balkans: “The great chain has broken…” (mid 19th — early 21st centuries)]. Moscow, In-t slavyanovedeniya RAN Publ., 2014. 272 p. (In Russian)
16. Kratkaya istoriya Bolgarii. S drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei [A brief history of Bulgaria. From ancient times to the present day]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1987. 558 p. (In Russian)
17. Kreml’, 1897, Oct. 2, no. 4. (In Russian)
18. Martynenko A. K. Russko-bolgarskie otnosheniya v 1894—1902 gg. [Russia-Bulgaria relations in 1894—1902]. Kiev, Kiev un-t Publ., 1967. 296 p. (In Russian)
19. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1894, Sept. 25, no. 263. (In Russian)
20. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1894, Oct. 24, no. 292. (In Russian)
21. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1894, Oct. 30, no. 298. (In Russian)
22. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1895, Jan. 3, no. 3. (In Russian)
23. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1895, Jan. 25, no. 25. (In Russian)
24. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1895, March 24, no. 82. (In Russian)
25. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1895, Apr. 26, no. 113. (In Russian)
26. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1895, May 29, no. 143. (In Russian)
27. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1896, Jan. 29, no. 29. (In Russian)
28. Moskovskie vedomosti, 1896, Feb. 4, no. 35. (In Russian)
29. Novoe vremya, 1894, July 1, no. 6586. (In Russian)
30. Novoe vremya, 1895, June 25, no. 6939. (In Russian)
31. Novoe vremya, 1895, July 3, no. 6947. (In Russian)
32. Novoe vremya, 1895, July 7, no. 6951. (In Russian)
33. Novosti i Birzhevaya gazeta, 1895, Jan. 17, no. 17. (In Russian)
34. Novosti i Birzhevaya gazeta, 1895, May 15, no. 132. (In Russian)
35. Novosti i Birzhevaya gazeta, 1895, June 30, no. 177. (In Russian)
36. Novosti i Birzhevaya gazeta, 1896, Aug. 8, no. 217. (In Russian)
37. Peich I. L. K istorii vosstanovleniya diplomaticheskikh otnoshenii mezhdu Rossiei i Bolgariei v 1896 g. [On the history of the restoration of diplomatic relations between Russia and Bulgaria in 1896]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 8, Istoriya, 1976, no. 1, pp. 42—52. (In Russian)
Bibliography link to this article:
Demyanenko N. N. “Reconciliation or forgiveness?”. Russian press on the resumption of Russia–Bulgaria relations in 1896. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2020, no. 1 (33), pp. 69—79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2020.33.7.