Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2021. № 2 (38). P. 129—146
07.00.00 HISTORICAL SCIENCES AND ARCHEOLOGY
UDC 94(47)“1906”:070
Krylova Elena Nikolaevna, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associated Professor
Pushkin Leningrad State University
GOVERNMENT NEWSPAPER OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY: ORGANIZATION, PERSONNEL, PROMOTION OF “RUSSIAN STATE”
Abstract
The article is devoted to the promotion of the evening newspaper “Russian State” in 1906 in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The author analyzes the government’s activities in organizing the editorial office of the newspaper, forming the structure of issues and distributing the first issues of the newspaper in the conditions of the revolutionary crisis. The whole process of releasing the newspaper shows the isolation of the authorities from society. The newspaper was fully supported by administrative support and was not in demand. Despite the fairly complete use of various aspects of the promotion, the newspaper was closed. One of the reasons for the failure is that changing public opinion from negative to positive is a long-term process, and in a situation of emotional fermentation and lack of stability, it is extremely difficult to change public opinion. The article was written on the basis of archival documents stored in the fund of the newspaper “Government Bulletin” of the Russian State Historical Archives.
Key words
Newspaper “Russian State”, “Government Bulletin”, government press at the beginning of the twentieth century, A. N. Guriev, the artel of journalists of “Russian State”, the Moscow Bureau of the newspaper “Russian State”, the staff of “Russian State”, the promotion of a government newspaper.
1. Apon M. E. Vlast’ i pressa: Istoriya sozdaniya i stanovleniya gazety “Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik” [Power and Media: The History and Formation of the Newspaper “Government Gazette”]. Upravlencheskoe konsul’tirovanie — Administrative Consulting, 2017, no. 9 (105), pp. 170—177. (In Russian)
2. Apon M. E. Gosudarstvennaya sluzhba v Rossii i gazeta “Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik” (1869—1881 gg.): avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Civil Service in Russia and the newspaper “Government Gazette” (1869—1881). Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. St. Petersburg, 1997. 25 p. (In Russian)
3. Apon M. E. Istoriya sozdaniya i funktsionirovaniya gazety “Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik” (1869—1881 gg.) [History of the creation and functioning of the newspaper “Government Gazette” (1869—1881)]. St. Petersburg, Natsional’nyi informatsionnyi kanal Publ., 2020. 128 p. (In Russian)
4. Apon M. E. Kadrovyi sostav redaktsii gazety “Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik”: opyt reformirovaniya sistemy ofitsial’noi periodicheskoi pechati Rossii vo vtoroi polovine XIX veka [The staff of the editorial board of the newspaper “Government Gazette”: the experience of reforming the system of official periodicals of Russia in the second half of the XIX century]. Obshchestvennye nauki, 2011, no. 3, pp. 359—367. (In Russian)
5. Apon M. E. Rabota G. P. Danilevskogo po izdaniyu gazety “Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik” (1869—1881 gg.) [Danilevsky according to the publication of the newspaper “Government Gazette” (1869—1881)]. Vlast’, 2011, no. 2, pp. 144—147. (In Russian)
6. Apon M. E. Formirovanie redaktsionnogo sostava gazety “Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik” [Formation of the editorial staff of the newspaper “Government Gazette”]. Vlast’, 2010, no. 10, pp. 125—127. (In Russian)
7. Baranova L. A. Polozhenie fabrichno-zavodskikh rabochikh Moskvy v kontse XIX — nachale XX v.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The situation of factory workers in Moscow in the late XIX — early XX century. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Moscow, 2011. 27 p. (In Russian)
8. Veremenko V. A. Zhenshchiny na sluzhbe v Ministerstve vnutrennikh del Rossii (vtoraya polovina XIX — nachalo XX v.) [Women in the Service of Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (second half of the XIX — early ХХ centuries)]. Bylye gody, 2020, no. 57 (3), pp. 1202—1217. DOI: 10.13187/bg.2020.3.1202. (In Russian)
9. Veremenko V. A., Krylova E. N. Nizshie sluzhashchie (prisluga) gosudarstvennykh uchrezhdenii Rossiiskoi imperii v kontse XIX — nachale XX v. [Lower employees (servants) of state institutions of the Russian Empire at the end of the XIX — beginning of the XX century]. Voprosy istorii, 2020, no. 9, pp. 210—218. DOI: 10.31166/VoprosyIstorii202009Statyi02. (In Russian)
10. Dzyaloshinskii I. M. Kommunikativnoe vozdeistvie: misheni, strategii, tekhnologii [Communicative impact: targets, strategies, technologies]. Moscow, NIU VShE Publ., 2012. 571 p. (In Russian)
11. Ermolov V. A. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ rabochikh na rubezhe XIX—XX vv. [Everyday life of workers at the turn of the XIX—XX centuries]. Obshchestvo. Sreda. Razvitie, 2010, no. 1, pp. 27—33. (In Russian)
12. Zagorodnikov A. N. Upravlenie obshchestvennymi svyazyami v biznese [Public Relations Management in Business]. Moscow, Knorus Publ., 2016. 288 p. (In Russian)
13. Kara-Murza S. G. Manipulyatsiya soznaniem [Consciousness manipulation]. Moscow, Rodina Publ., 2018. 430 p. (In Russian)
14. Kozlova T. V. K voprosu o strategii povysheniya konkurentosposobnosti firmy [On the question of the strategy of increasing the competitiveness of the company]. Traditsionnye natsional’no-kul’turnye i dukhovnye tsennosti kak fundament innovatsionnogo razvitiya Rossii, 2015, no. 1 (7), pp. 40—43. (In Russian)
15. Kotler F., Gari A. Osnovy marketinga [Marketing Basics]. Moscow, Vil’yams Publ., 2015. 752 p. (In Russian)
16. Krylova E. N. “Kupit’ pravitel’stvennuyu gazetu v Peterburge — net nikakoi vozmozhnosti”: k voprosu ob organizatsii arteli gazetchikov “Russkogo gosudarstva” [“There is no way to buy a government newspaper in St. Petersburg”: to the question of organizing an artel of newspapermen of the “Russian State”]. “Vyzov” v povsednevnoi zhizni naseleniya Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost’: sb. materialov mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [“Challenge” in the everyday life of the population of Russia: history and modernity. Proceed. of the Internat. sci. conf.]. St. Petersburg, LGU im. A. S. Pushkina Publ., 2021, vol. 1, pp. 240—246. (In Russian)
17. Krylova E. N. Glavnyi redaktor “Sel’skogo vestnika” v strukture gosudarstvennoi sluzhby Rossii v kontse XIX — nachale XX v. [Editor-in-chief of the “Sel’skii vestnik” in the structure of the state service of Russia at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century]. Istoriya povsednevnosti, 2018, no. 3 (8), pp. 53—67. (In Russian)
18. Krylova E. N. Gosudarstvennyi kontrol’ za sistemoi distributsii periodicheskikh izdanii v Rossii v nachale XX v. [State supervision of the periodicals distribution system in Russia in the early 20th century]. Vestnik Ryazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. S. A. Esenina — The Bulletin Ryazan State University named for S. A. Yesenin, 2020, no. 4 (69), pp. 16—22. DOI: 10.37724/RSU.2020.69.4.002. (In Russian)
19. Krylova E. N. Na gosudarstvennoi sluzhbe: k voprosu o nezakonnoi deyatel’nosti Osvedomitel’nogo byuro Glavnogo upravleniya po delam pechati nakanune krusheniya Rossiiskoi imperii [In the Public Service: on the Issue of the Illegal Activities of the Information Bureau of the Main Directorate for Press Affairs on the Eve of the Collapse of the Russian Empire]. Zhurnal regional’noi istorii — The Journal of Regional History, 2019, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 884—910. DOI: 10.23859/2587-8344-2019-3-3-2.
20. Krylova E. N. Pravitel’stvennaya pechat’ v nachale XX v. (na primere gazety “Sel’skii vestnik”) [The governmental press at the beginning of the 20th century (on the example of “The Rural Bulletin”]. Klio, 2018,
no. 4 (136), pp. 22—29. (In Russian)
21. Krylova E. N. Formirovanie polozhitel’nogo obshchestvennogo mneniya o gosudarstvennoi vlasti v Rossii v 1906—1907 gg. (na primere raboty Osvedomitel’nogo byuro) [Formation of a positive public opinion about state power in Russia in 1906—1907 (on the example of the work of the Investigative Bureau)]. Chastnoe i obshchestvennoe v povsednevnoi zhizni naseleniya Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost’: materialy mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [Private and public in the everyday life of the population of Russia: history and modernity. Proceed. of the Internat. sci. conf.]. St. Petersburg, LGU im. A. S. Pushkina Publ., 2018, vol. 1, pp. 162—167. (In Russian)
22. Kursalov D. S. Nekotorye voprosy strategii prodvizheniya brendov na zarubezhnye rynki pri osushchestvlenii mezhdunarodnoi marketingovoi deyatel’nosti [Some questions of strategy of promotion of brands in foreign markets in implementing international marketing activities]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii — Vestnik of Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2016, no. 6, pp. 165—168. (In Russian)
23. Likhomanov A. V. Bor’ba samoderzhaviya za obshchestvennoe mnenie v 1905—1907 gg. [The struggle of the autocracy for public opinion in 1905—1907]. St. Petersburg, RNB Publ., 1997. 134 p. (In Russian)
24. Lyubichankovskii S. V. Nosili li rossiiskie revolyutsii nachala XX v. antibyurokraticheskii kharakter? [Did the Russian revolutions of the early twentieth century wear anti-bureaucratic?]. Pamyat’ o proshlom [Memory of the past]. Samara, 2017, pp. 57—63. (In Russian)
25. Matsneva N. G., Saf’yannikova L. M. “Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik”. Ob istorii sozdaniya i deyatel’nosti [“Government Gazette”. On the history of creation and activity]. Peterburg gazetnyi. 1711—1917 [Newspaper Petersburg. 1711—1917]. St. Petersburg, 2016, pp. 70—80. (In Russian)
26. Milyaeva T. A. Deyatel’nost’ K. K. Sluchevskogo v kachestve redaktora “Pravitel’stvennogo vestnika” [Sluchevsky as editor of the “Government Bulletin”]. Tekst, kontekst, intertekst: sb. nauch. statei po materialam Mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [Text, context, intertext: collection of scientific articles based on the materials of Internat. sci. conf.]. Moscow, MGPU Publ., 2014, pp. 157—161. (In Russian)
27. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Historical Archives] (RGIA). F. 776. Op. 23. D. 50.
28. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 85.
29. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 86.
30. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 87.
31. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 89.
32. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 91.
33. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 93.
34. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 94.
35. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 99.
36. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 100.
37. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 106.
38. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 108.
39. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 109.
40. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 275.
41. RGIA. F. 785. Op. 1. D. 364.
42. Severtseva O. V. Dosug v povsednevnoi zhizni rabotnits promyshlennykh predpriyatii Sankt-Peterburga vo vtoroi polovine XIX — nachale XX v. [Leisure in everyday life of female workers at industrial enterprises of St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries]. Stolitsa i provintsii: vzaimootnosheniya tsentra i regionov v istorii Rossii: materialy Vseros. nauch. konf. s mezhdunar. uchastiem [Capital and provinces: the relationship between the center and regions in the history of Russia. Proceed. of the All-Russia sci. conf. with Internat. participation]. St. Petersburg, 2017, is. 8, pp. 46—51. (In Russian)
43. Fed’kin A. V. Material’no-bytovoe polozhenie peterburgskikh rabochikh v gody Pervoi russkoi revolyutsii v osveshchenii “proletarskoi” pressy [Material and living conditions of St. Petersburg workers during the First Russian Revolution in the coverage of the “proletarian” press]. Istoriya povsednevnosti, 2016, no. 2 (2), pp. 34—43. (In Russian)
44. Chumikov A. N. Antikrizisnye kommunikatsii [Anti-crisis communications]. Moscow, Aspekt Press Publ., 2013. 172 p. (In Russian)
45. Shevtsov V. V. Pravitel’stvennaya periodicheskaya pechat’ Sibiri (vtoraya polovina XIX — nachalo XX v.) [Government periodicals of Siberia (second half of the 19th — early 20th century)]. Tomsk, Tomskii un-t Publ., 2016. 622 p. (In Russian)
46. Shevtsov V. V. S. S. Tatishchev, S. Yu. Vitte i P. A. Stolypin ob izmenenii mesta i roli pravitel’stvennoi pechati v bor’be za obshchestvennoe mnenie v gody Pervoi russkoi revolyutsii [S. S. Tatishchev, S. Yu. Witte and P. A. Stolypin on the change in the place and role of the government press in the struggle for public opinion during the First Russian Revolution]. Voprosy otechestvennoi i vseobshchei istorii: mezhvuz. tematicheskii sb. statei [Questions of national and universal history: interuniversity thematic collection of articles]. Tomsk, TGPU Publ., 2006, is. 3, pp. 133—149. (In Russian)
47. Shevtsov V. V. Sergei Spiridonovich Tatishchev (1846—1906): istorik i diplomat na strazhe interesov ofitsial’noi pechati, ili Kak tsarskoe pravitel’stvo proigralo informatsionnuyu voinu [Sergei Spiridonovich Tatishchev (1846—1906): a historian and diplomat guarding the interests of the official press, or How the tsarist government lost the information war]. Chelovek — tekst — epokha: sb. nauch. statei i materialov [Man — Text — Era. Collect. of sci. articles and materials]. Tomsk, TGU Publ., 2006, is. 2, pp. 102—113. (In Russian)
48. Shevtsov V. V. Tsentral’naya i regional’naya ofitsial’naya pechat’ v informatsionnoi politike samoderzhaviya (1901—16 gg.) [Central and Regional official press in information policy of Russian autocracy (1901—1916)]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Ser. Istoriya Rossii, 2011, is. 3, pp. 34—48. (In Russian)
Bibliography link to this article:
Krylova Е. N. Government newspaper of the early twentieth century: organization, personnel, promotion of “Russian State”. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2021, no. 2 (38), pp. 129—146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2021.38.10.