Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2021. № 4 (40). P. 10—25
HISTORICAL SCIENCES
UDC 94(470.331)“1941/45”:364.3
Bolokina Lyubov Aleksandrovna, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor
Tver State Technical University
SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR DISABLED VETERANS AND FAMILIES OF MILITARY PERSONNEL IN 1941—1945 (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE KALININ REGION)
Abstract
The article examines for the first time various forms of assistance that war invalids and family members of military personnel received from the state, labor collectives, and the public during the Great Patriotic War, based on the materials of the Kalinin (now Tver) region. The data on the number of disabled veterans of the Patriotic War, families of military personnel registered in the region, the amount of payments in the form of pensions and allowances are given. The article analyzes the difficulties manifested in the employment and retraining of former front-line soldiers, providing housing for their families. Shown are the shortcomings in the work of state bodies engaged in social security of these social groups – bureaucracy, abuse, incompetence and indifference of officials. Among the reasons for such phenomena is an acute shortage of material and human resources. According to the author, the measures of social protection taken during the war years made it possible to solve some of the material and household problems of war invalids and families of military personnel, but it was impossible to fully and timely fulfill the task of social security in the conditions of the frontline region. The publication is based on documents from the Tver archives.
Key words
The Great Patriotic War, war invalids, benefits, departments for state support and household arrangement for families of military personnel, social security departments, pensions, allowance, employment.
1. Bistyaikina D. A. Transformatsiya sistemy sotsial’noi zashchity veteranov Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Transformation of social protection of veterans of the Great Patriotic War]. Gumanitarii: aktual’nye problemy gumanitarnoi nauki i obrazovaniya — Humanitarian: Actual Problems of the Humanities and Education, 2013, no. 2 (22), pp. 83—93. (In Russian)
2. Bol’shaya Rossiiskaya entsiklopediya: v 35 t. T. 30 [Great Russian Encyclopedia. In 35 vols. Vol. 30]. Moscow, Bol’shaya Rossiiskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 2016. 767 p. (In Russian)
3. Vycherov D. A. Zhaloby voennosluzhashchikh i ikh semei kak otrazhenie sotsial’noi politiki sovetskoi vlasti v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (na materialakh Tyumenskoi oblasti) [Complaints of military men and their families as a reflection of the Soviet social policy during the Great Patriotic War (based on materials of the Tyumen region)]. Peterburgskii istoricheskii zhurnal — Petersburg Historical Journal, 2018, no. 3, pp. 362—370. (In Russian)
4. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Tverskoi oblasti [State Archives of the Tver Region] (GATO). F. R-1158. Op. 14. D. 1.
5. GATO. F. R-1158. Op. 14. D. 2.
6. GATO. F. R-1416. Op. 2. D. 2.
7. GATO. F. R-1416. Op. 2. D. 5.
8. Danilov V. N. Osnovnye napravleniya adresnoi sotsial’noi podderzhki naseleniya v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: opyt Saratovskoi oblasti [The main directions of the targeted social assistance during the Great Patriotic War: the experience of the Saratov region]. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Ser. Istoriya. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya — Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations, 2016, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 230—239. (In Russian)
9. Zinich M. S. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ naroda v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Everyday life of the people during the Great Patriotic War]. Moscow, IRI RAN, Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ Publ., 2019. 349 p. (In Russian)
10. Kabirova A. Sh. Sotsial’naya adaptatsiya i trudoustroistvo invalidov v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (na materialakh Tatarskoi ASSR) [Social adaptation and employment of disabled people during the Great Patriotic War (on the materials of the Tatar ASSR)]. Samarskii nauchnyi vestnik — Samara Journal of Science, 2017, vol. 6, no. 2 (19), pp. 173—177. (In Russian)
11. Karyukina Yu. V. Meropriyatiya po podderzhke semei voennosluzhashchikh v Krasnoyarskom krae, 1941—1945 [Military families support measures in Krasnoyarsk region, 1941—1945]. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskii i gumanitarnyi zhurnal Krasnoyarskogo GAU — Socio-economic and Humanitarian Magazine Krasgau, 2016, no. 3, pp. 85—90. (In Russian)
12. Mokrinskikh A. S., Murtazina R. A. Sotsial’naya politika sovetskogo gosudarstva v period Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Social policy of the Soviet state during the Great Patriotic War]. Zavershenie korennogo pereloma v khode Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: problemy issledovaniya i sokhraneniya istoricheskoi pamyati: sbornik statei mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Completion of a fundamental turning point in the Great Patriotic War: problems of research and preservation of historical memory. Proceed. of Internat. sci.-pract. conf.]. Orenburg, OGPU Publ., 2018, pp. 193—196. (In Russian)
13. Nasonov K. A. Deyatel’nost’ organov gosudarstvennoi vlasti i voennogo upravleniya po sotsial’nomu obespecheniyu voennosluzhashchikh Krasnoi Armii i chlenov ikh semei v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Activity of state authorities and military administration on social security of the Red Army servicemen and members of their families during the Great Patriotic War. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Moscow, 2011. 24 p. (In Russian)
14. Nasonov K. A. Sotsial’noe obespechenie voennosluzhashchikh v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: sushchnost’, soderzhanie i sovremennoe znachenie [Social security of servicemen during the Great Patriotic War: essence, content and modern significance]. Armiya i obshchestvo, 2010, no. 3, pp. 1—10. (In Russian)
15. Proletarskaya pravda, 1945. Sept. 9.
16. RSFSR — frontu. 1941—1945: dokumenty i materialy [RSFSR — to the front. 1941—1945: documents and materials]. Moscow, Sov. Rossiya Publ., 1987. 384 p. (In Russian)
17. Rubin V. A., Rubin A. A. Realizatsiya gosudarstvennoi politiki po otnosheniyu k sem’yam voennosluzhashchikh i invalidam voiny na Yuzhnom Urale v 1941—1945 gg. [Implementation of state policy in relation to families of servicemen and war invalids in the South Urals in 1941—1945]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta — Vestnik of the Orenburg State University, 2009, no. 4, pp. 25—30. (In Russian)
18. Semenova E. N. Obrazovanie organov gosudarstvennogo obespecheniya i bytovogo ustroistva semei voennosluzhashchikh v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (na materialakh Zapadnoi Sibiri) [Formation of the state support and daily guarantee bodies for the families of servicemen during the Great Patriotic War (on basis of the West Siberian materials)]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta — Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, 2015, no. 2 (155), pp. 31—36. (In Russian)
19. Sotsial’naya entsiklopediya [Social encyclopedia]. Moscow, Bol’shaya Rossiiskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 2000. 438 p. (In Russian)
20. Stranitsy narodnogo podviga. (Kalininskaya oblast’ v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny): sbornik dokumentov i materialov [Pages of the people’s feat. (Kalinin region during the Great Patriotic War). A collection of documents and materials]. Moscow, Mosk. rabochii Publ., 1974. 312 p. (In Russian)
21. Tverskoi tsentr dokumentatsii noveishei istorii [Tver Center for Documentation of Contemporary History] (TTsDNI). F. 83. Op. 1. D. 163.
22. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3, D. 523.
23. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 530.
24. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 1152.
25. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 1367.
26. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 1368.
27. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 1369.
28. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 2194.
29. TTsDNI. F. 147. Op. 3. D. 2197.
30. TTsDNI. F. 250. Op. 2. D. 55.
31. Filippova A. P. Realizatsiya postanovleniya TsK VKP(b) “O merakh uluchsheniya raboty sovetskikh organov i mestnykh partiinykh organizatsii po okazaniyu pomoshchi sem’yam voennosluzhashchikh” v Stalingrade: 1943 god [Implementation of the decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) “On measures to improve the work of Soviet bodies and local party organizations to provide assistance to families of military personnel” in Stalingrad: 1943]. Voennaya istoriya Rossii: problemy, poiski, resheniya: materialy mezhdunar. nauch. konf.: v 3 ch. [Military history of Russia: problems, searches, solutions. Proceed. of the Internat. sci. conf. In 3 parts]. Volgograd, VolGU Publ., 2020, part 2, pp. 254—265. (In Russian)
32. Khronologicheskoe sobranie zakonov, ukazov PVS i postanovlenii pravitel’stva RSFSR. T. 3. 1940—1947 gg. [Chronological collection of laws, decrees of the PVS and decrees of the government of the RSFSR. Vol. 3, 1940—1947]. Moscow, Gos. izd-vo yurid. literatury Publ., 1958. 638 p. (In Russian)
33. Chernysheva N. V. Sotsial’naya politika gosudarstva v otnoshenii semei voennosluzhashchikh v 1941—1945 gg. (na materialakh Kirovskoi oblasti) [The social policy of the state in regard to military families in 1941—1945 (on materials of the Kirov region)]. Vestnik Vyatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta — Herald of Vyatka State University, 2012, no. 2 (1), pp. 54—59. (In Russian)
Bibliography link to this article:
Bolokina L. A. Social support for disabled veterans and families of military personnel in 1941—1945 (based on the materials of the Kalinin region). Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2021, no. 4 (40), pp. 10—25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2021.40.2.