Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2021. № 4 (40). P. 70—80
HISTORICAL SCIENCES
UDC 94(47)“18/19”
Meshcheryakov Aleksandr Valerievich, Research Fellow, Candidate for a degree
Chernomyrdin Museum Godovova Elena Viktorovna, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor
Orenburg State Pedagogical University
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FINANCIAL FUNCTION BY THE MILITARY ECONOMIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE ORENBURG COSSACK ARMY AT THE TURN OF THE 19th AND 20th CENTURIES
Abstract
The article analyzes the implementation of the financial function — one of the main ones in the economic activity of the Military Economic Administration of the Orenburg Cossack Army at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries. The authors come to the conclusion about the unsatisfactory financial situation in the army. The reason for this was both objective factors (the difficult economic situation of the Cossacks due to crop failures and general mobilization, gaps in legislation in relations with gold miners, etc.), and subjective, in particular, the ineffective performance of the military economic management of its financial functions. The latter included the adoption of a budget with a large deficit, the desire to pay it off at the expense of funds from the treasury, the prevalence of oversized expenditures over those calculated according to the estimate, etc. The military commanders did not look for any new methods to increase income in order to cover the deficit, but played on bureaucratic delays in the center.
Key words
Orenburg Cossack Army, Military Economic Administration, total military capital, financial function.
1. Abramovskii A. P., Kobzov V. S. Orenburgskoe kazach’e voisko v trekh vekakh [Orenburg Cossack army over three centuries]. Chelyabinsk, Chelyab. gos. un-t Publ., 1999. 450 p. (In Russian)
2. Aminov R. R. Tatary-kazaki v sostave Orenburgskogo kazach’ego voiska (1748—1917 gg.) [Tatars-Cossacks as part of the Orenburg Cossack army (1748—1917)]. Kazan, In-t istorii im. Sh. Mardzhani Publ., 2017. 346 p. (In Russian)
3. Andreev S. M. Sibirskoe kazach’e voisko kak sotsial’no-territorial’naya sistema: organizatsiya i osnovnye etapy razvitiya (1808—1917 gg.) [Siberian Cossack army as a socio-territorial system: organization and main stages of development (1808—1917)]. Omsk, Akademiya MVD Rossii Publ., 2006. 259 p. (In Russian)
4. Ganin A. V. Nakanune katastrofy. Orenburgskoe kazach’e voisko v kontse XIX — XX v. (1891—1917 gg.) [On the eve of the disaster. Orenburg Cossack army at the end of 19th — 20th century (1891—1917)]. Moscow, Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2008. 686 p. (In Russian)
5. Godovova E. V. Osnovnye napravleniya ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Orenburgskogo kazachestva (vtoraya polovina XIX — nachalo XX v.) [The main directions of the economic development of the Orenburg Cossacks from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th century]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Ser. Istoriya Rossii — RUDN Journal of Russian History, 2020, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 563—577. (In Russian)
6. Godovova E. V. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ rossiiskogo kazachestva vo vtoroi polovine XIX — nachale XX v. [Everyday life of the Russian Cossacks in the second half of the XIX — early XX century]. St. Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin Publ., 2020. 464 p. (In Russian)
7. Godovova E. V., Kabytov P. S. Vliyanie modernizatsii na ekonomicheskuyu povsednevnost’ kazach’ikh stanits (vtoraya polovina XIX — nachalo XX v.) [The influence of modernization on the economic daily life in the Cossack village (the second half of ХIХ — early ХХ century)]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Povolzhskii region. Gumanitarnye nauki — University Proceedings. Volga Region. Humanities, 2018, no. 1 (45), pp. 37—47. (In Russian)
8. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Orenburgskoi oblasti [State Archives of the Orenburg Region] (GAOO). F. 37. Op. 3. D. 512.
9. GAOO. F. 37. Op. 3. D. 627.
10. GAOO. F. 37. Op. 4. D. 133.
11. Eroshkin N. P. Istoriya gosudarstvennykh uchrezhdenii dorevolyutsionnoi Rossii. 3-e izd. [The history of state institutions in pre-revolutionary Russia. 3rd ed.]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1983. 368 p. (In Russian)
12. Istoricheskaya zapiska ob Orenburgskom kazach’em voiske, sostavlennaya sovetnikom Voiskovogo khozyaistvennogo pravleniya polkovnikom P. I. Avdeevym [Historical note about the Orenburg Cossack army, compiled by Colonel P. I. Avdeev, adviser to the Military Economic Administration]. Orenburg, Orenburgskoe kazach’e voisko Publ., 1904. 182 p. (In Russian)
13. Kortunov A. I., Ivanov V. A. Pravitel’stvennye meropriyatiya po sozdaniyu uslovii formirovaniya postoyannogo kazach’ego naseleniya yugo-vostochnogo prigranich’ya Rossii (XVI—XIX vv.) [Government measures to create conditions for the formation of a permanent Cossack population of the South-Eastern border of Russia (16th — 19th centuries)]. Elektronnyi nauchno-obrazovatel’nyi zhurnal “Istoriya” — The Journal of Education and Science “ISTORIYA” (“History”), 2019, vol. 10, is. 8 (82). Available at: https://history.jes.su/s207987840006067-2-1. DOI: 10.18254/S207987840006067-2. (In Russian)
14. Lyubichankovskii S. V., Tugai T. I. Orenburgskii krai v usloviyakh poreformennoi modernizatsii [Orenburg territory in the context of post-reform modernization]. Elektronnyi nauchno-obrazovatel’nyi zhurnal “Istoriya” — The Journal of Education and Science “ISTORIYA” (“History”), 2017, no. S13, pp. 7. Available at: https://history.jes.su/s207987840001823-4-1. DOI: 10.18254/S0001823-4-1. (In Russian)
15. Mashin M. D. Iz istorii rodnogo kraya: Orenburgskoe kazach’e voisko [From the history of the native land: the Orenburg Cossack army]. Chelyabinsk, Yuzh.-Ural. kn. izd-vo Publ., 1976. 192 p. (In Russian)
16. Orenburgskii kazachii vestnik. Nezavisimyi vnepartiinyi respublikanskii organ svobodnogo kazachestva [Orenburg Cossack Bulletin. Independent non-party republican organ of the free Cossacks]. Orenburg, Orenburgskaya voiskovay uprava Publ., 1917. Sept. 14, no. 36. (In Russian)
17. Otchet o sostoyanii Orenburgskogo kazach’ego voiska za 1907 g. Chast’ grazhdanskaya [Report on the state of the Orenburg Cossack army for 1907. Civilian part]. Orenburg, Turgaiskaya oblastnaya tipografiya Publ., 1908. 110 p. (In Russian)
18. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie vtoroe [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Second collection]. Vol. 53. St. Petersburg, 1880. (In Russian)
19. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voenno-istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Military Historical Archive] (RGVIA). F. 330. Op. 61. D. 1821.
20. RGVIA. F. 1445. Op. 2. D. 16.
21. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Historical Archives] (RGIA). F. 1276. Op. 4. D. 552.
22. RGIA. F. 1276. Op. 9. D. 514.
23. RGIA. F. 1276. Op. 9. D. 535.
24. Svod zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii: v 5 kn. Kn. 1, t. 2: Svod gubernskikh uchrezhdenii. Izdanie neofitsial’noe [Code of laws of the Russian Empire. In 5 books. Book 1, vol. 2, Code of provincial institutions. Unofficial edition]. St. Petersburg, Russkoe knizhnoe tovarishchestvo “Deyatel’” Publ., 1912. (In Russian)
25. Semenov V. G., Semenova V. P. Gubernatory Orenburgskogo kraya [Governors of the Orenburg Territory]. Orenburg, Orenb. kn. izd-vo im. G. P. Donkovtseva Publ., 2014. 448 p. (In Russian)
26. Starikov F. M. Istoriko-statisticheskii ocherk Orenburgskogo kazach’ego voiska s prilozheniem stat’i o domashnem byte orenburgskikh kazakov; so znamenami i karty [Historical and statistical essay of the Orenburg Cossack army with the attachment of an article about the domestic life of the Orenburg Cossacks; with banners and cards]. Orenburg, Tip. B. Breslina Publ., 1891. 249 p. (In Russian)
27. Futoryanskii L. I. Iz istorii kazach’ego samoupravleniya i “avtonomii” [From the history of Cossack self-government and “autonomy”]. 1743. Istoriko-literaturnyi al’manakh [1743. Historical and literary almanac]. Orenburg, 2000, pp. 83—93. (In Russian)
28. Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Respubliki Kazakhstan [Central State Archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan]. F. 39. Op. 1. D. 2.
29. Shadrin V. M. Pravovoe polozhenie i funktsii stanichnogo zvena upravleniya Orenburgskogo kazach’ego voiska [Legal status and functions of the stanitsa level of management of the Orenburg Cossack Army]. Orenburgskoe kazach’e voisko: Poiski. Nakhodki. Otkrytiya: sbornik nauch. trudov [Orenburg Cossack Army: Search. Finds. Discoveries. Collection of scientific works]. Chelyabinsk, 1999, pp. 132—154. (In Russian)
30. Shadrin V. M. Stanichnye sudy v sisteme upravleniya Orenburgskogo kazach’ego voiska [Stanitsa courts in the management system of the Orenburg Cossack Army]. Orenburgskoe kazach’e voisko. Stranitsy istorii XIX—XX vv.: sbornik nauch. trudov [Orenburg Cossack Army. Pages of the history of the XIX—XX centuries. Collection of scientific works]. Chelyabinsk, 1999, pp. 159—172. (In Russian)
31. Kortunov A. I. South-east frontier of the Russian Empire and the processes on the division of the Ural River left bank area between Kirghiz-Kaysaks and Ural Cossacks in the second half of the XIX century. Bylye Gody, 2015, no. 35 (1), pp. 100—106.
32. Lyubichankovskiy S. V., Tropov I. A. Russia’s regional governance at the change of epochs: administrative reform draft in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. Bylye gody, 2015, no. 36 (2), pp. 309—318.
Bibliography link to this article:
Meshcheryakov A. V., Godovova E. V. Implementation of the financial function by the Military Economic Administration of the Orenburg Cossack Army at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2021, no. 4 (40), pp. 70—80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2021.40.6.