Podkorytova S. V., Fedchenko M. N. Food supply of the population...

Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2022. № 1 (41). P. 108—125

HISTORICAL SCIENCES

UDC 94(470.5)“1941/45”

Podkorytova Svetlana Valeryevna, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Assistant Professor
Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University
Fedchenko Mikhail Nikolayevich, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
Kurgan State Pedagogical University

FOOD SUPPLY OF THE POPULATION OF THE SOUTHERN TRANS-URALS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Abstract

The article deals with the issues of food supply for the population of the Southern Trans-Urals (Kurgan region) during the Great Patriotic War. The microhistorical approach to the analysis of sources allowed the authors to identify the main problems of food supply and their impact on the daily life of the population. The study is based on the memoirs of the war participants, the children who lived in the city of Shadrinsk during this period, both published and recorded personally by the authors. The analysis of archival sources (funds of the Shadrinsk City Council of Workers’ Deputies and its executive committee, enterprises evacuated to Shadrinsk) was carried out. The main categories of food supply to the population of the Southern Trans-Urals are identified. The normative documents that established the card supply system in the region, the norms for card allowances for different social groups, the system of lettered meals for the leaders of production, the management staff of enterprises and institutions are considered. The cards were sold through a closed chain of stores, grocery stores of general availability, canteens. The authors pay attention to improving the nutrition of the population, primarily workers, through the organization of subsidiary farms, the collection of wild plants, hunting and fishing. The precedents of poor supply of teachers in rural areas and evacuated residents, illegal issuance of cards at enterprises, their loss and theft, abuse of local officials in the distribution of food are shown. Such problems of rural population food supply as depreciation of workdays, crop failures, speculation are characterized. It is concluded that the food supply system was created, but had a number of problems that were solved in accordance with the capabilities of local authorities and wartime conditions.

Key words

Southern Trans-Urals (Kurgan region), the Great Patriotic War, food problem, social groups.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2022.41.10

The full text of the article PDF (Russian)

References

1. Akat’eva S. A. Normirovannoe snabzhenie Zaural’ya khlebom v period Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941—1945 gg. [Rated supply of the Trans-Urals with bread during the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945]. VIII Zyryanovskie chteniya: materialy Vseros. nauch.-prakt. konf. (Kurgan, 9—10 dek. 2010 g.) [VIII Zyryanov readings. Proceed. of the All-Russia sci.-pract. conf. (Kurgan, Dec. 9—10, 2010)]. Kurgan, Kurgan. gos. un-t Publ., 2010, pp. 100—103. (In Russian)
2. Bakhtiyarov R. S., Fedorova A. V. Zhivotnovodstvo na Yuzhnom Urale v usloviyakh Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941—1945 gg. [Animal husbandry in the South Urals during the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945]. Orenburg, Izdat. tsentr OGAU Publ., 2019. 208 p. (In Russian)
3. Byakova L. A. Izbrannye stat’i po kraevedeniyu [Selected articles on local history]. Shadrinsk, 2005. 68 p. (In Russian)
4. Voznesenskii N. A. Voennaya ekonomika SSSR v period Otechestvennoi voiny [The military economy of the USSR during the Patriotic War]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1948. 192 p. (In Russian)
5. Vospominaniya V. K. Perunova. Zapisany S. V. Podkorytovoi 25.12.2020, g. Gai [Memoirs of V. K. Perunov. Recorded by S. V. Podkorytova on December 25, 2020, Gai]. Lichnyi arkhiv S. V. Podkorytovoi [Personal archive of S. V. Podkorytova]. (In Russian)
6. Vospominaniya G. Kudrinoi. Zapisany S. V. Podkorytovoi 25.07.2021, g. Shadrinsk [Memoirs of G. Kudrina. Recorded by S. V. Podkorytova on July 25, 2021, Shadrinsk]. Lichnyi arkhiv S. V. Podkorytovoi [Personal archive of S. V. Podkorytova]. (In Russian)
7. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv obshchestvenno-politicheskoi dokumentatsii Kurganskoi oblasti [State Archive of Socio-Political Documentation of the Kurgan Region] (GAOPDKO). F. 166. Op. 1. D. 168.
8. GAOPDKO. F. 166. Op. 1-Ос. D. 1.
9. GAOPDKO. F. 166. Op. 2. D. 154.
10. GAOPDKO. F. 166. Op. 2. D. 164.
11. GAOPDKO. F. 166. Op. 2. D. 169.
12. GAOPDKO. F. 166. Op. 2. D. 178.
13. GAOPDKO. F. 166. Op. 3. D. 102.
14. GAOPDKO. F. 166. Op. 26. D. 11.
15. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Shadrinska [State Archive of Shadrinsk] (GASh). F. R-647. Op. 2. D. 35.
16. GASh. F. R-672. Op. 1. D. 55.
17. GASh. F. R-682. Op. 1. D. 1.
18. GASh. F. R-682. Op. 1. D. 3.
19. GASh. F. R-682. Op. 1. D. 9.
20. GASh. F. R-682. Op. 1. D. 10.
21. GASh. F. R-682. Op. 1. D. 14.
22. GASh. F. R-682. Op. 1. D. 62.
23. GASh. F. R-682. Op. 1. D. 64.
24. Glukhikh L. V. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ mokrousovtsev v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Everyday life in Mokrousovo during the Great Patriotic War]. Zaural’e i Pobeda v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941—1945 gg.: materialy regional’noi nauch.-prakt. konf. (Kurgan, 22 apr. 2015 g.) [Trans-Urals and Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. Proceed. of the regional sci. and pract. conf. (Kurgan, Apr. 22, 2015)]. Kurgan, Kurgan. gos. un-t Publ., 2015, pp. 79—86. (In Russian)
25. Danilova I. A. Dokumenty regional’nykh arkhivov o torgovle na Yuzhnom Urale v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Documents of regional archives on trade in the Southern Urals during the Great Patriotic War]. Otechestvennye arkhivy, 2011, no. 5, pp. 80—85. (In Russian)
26. Zotov V. Poslevoennye perspektivy pishchevoi promyshlennosti [Post-war perspectives of the food industry]. Planovoe khozyaistvo: Politiko-ekonomicheskii zhurnal Gosplana SSSR, 1945, no. 5, pp. 15—24. (In Russian)
27. Klimenko K. Ural’skii promyshlennyi raion [Ural industrial region]. Moscow, Gosplanizdat Publ., 1945. 69 p. (In Russian)
28. Kodintsev A. Ya., Podlivalov V. V., Fedchenko M. N. Ekonomika Yuzhnogo Zaural’ya perioda Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny i pervykh poslevoennykh let (1941—1953) [Economy of the Southern Trans-Urals during the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years (1941—1953)]. Kurgan, Kurgan. gos. un-t Publ., 2004. 160 p. (In Russian)
29. Kolesnikova G. Yu. Zheleznodorozhnyi transport Yuzhnogo Urala v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941—1945 gg.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Railway transport of the Southern Urals during the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Orenburg, 2006. 26 p. (In Russian)
30. Mel’nikova Yu. V. Zhizneobespechenie gorodskogo naseleniya Yuzhnogo Urala v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: 1941—1945 gg.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Life support of the urban population of the Southern Urals during the Great Patriotic War: 1941—1945. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Orenburg, 2007. 25 p. (In Russian)
31. Mogutnov A. V. Oboronno-massovaya rabota gosudarstvennykh organov i obshchestvennykh organizatsii Yuzhnogo Zaural’ya v mezhvoennyi period i v gody Vtoroi mirovoi voiny: 1920-e—1945 gg.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Defense-mass work of state bodies and public organizations of the Southern Trans-Urals in the interwar period and during the Second World War: 1920s—1945. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Chelyabinsk, 2011. 30 p. (In Russian)
32. Moskatov G. P. Gosudarstvennye trudovye rezervy SSSR [State labor reserves of the USSR]. Bol’shevik, 1941, no. 7—8. (In Russian)
33. Na dushe ot strok tvoikh teplei… Sto pisem o Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941—1945 gg. [On the soul from the lines of your warmth… One hundred letters about the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945]. Kurgan, Gos. arkhiv obshch.-polit. dokumentatsii Kurgan. obl. Publ., 2010. 164 p. (In Russian)
34. Nikolaeva K. I. Trudovoi geroizm rabochego klassa SSSR v dni Otechestvennoi voiny [Labor heroism of the working class of the USSR during the Patriotic War]. Propagandist, 1941, no. 2. (In Russian)
35. Ocherki istorii Kurganskoi oblasti [Essays on the history of the Kurgan region]. Chelyabinsk, Yuzh.-Ural. kn. izd-vo Publ., 1968. 479 p. (In Russian)
36. Podlivalov V. V. Podvig i tragediya zaural’tsev v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [The feat and tragedy of the Trans-Urals during the Great Patriotic War]. Shumikha, Kurgan. gos. un-t Publ., 2010. 480 p. (In Russian)
37. Podlivalov V. V. Yuzhnoe Zaural’e v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Southern Trans-Urals during the Great Patriotic War]. Kurgan, Kurgan. gos. un-t Publ., 2009. 220 p. (In Russian)
38. Rubin V. A. Goroda Yuzhnogo Urala v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: 1941—1945 gg.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Cities of the Southern Urals during the Great Patriotic War: 1941—1945. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Orenburg, 2007. 30 p. (In Russian)
39. Sonin M. Novye kvalifitsirovannye kadry promyshlennosti [New qualified industry personnel]. Planovoe khozyaistvo, 1941, no. 6—7. (In Russian)
40. Tershukova E. V. O nekotorykh problemakh obshchepita g. Kurgana v 1941—1944 gody [On some problems of catering in the city of Kurgan in 1941—1944]. Zaural’e i Pobeda v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941—1945 gg.: materialy regional’noi nauch.-prakt. konf. (Kurgan, 22 apr. 2015 g.) [Trans-Urals and Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. Proceed. of the regional sci. and pract. conf. (Kurgan, Apr. 22, 2015)]. Kurgan, Kurgan. gos. un-t Publ., 2015, pp. 304—308. (In Russian)
41. Timofeev V. P. Doroga v Shadrinsk [Road to Shadrinsk]. Shadrinskaya starina. Kraevedcheskii al’manakh [Shadrinsk antiquity. Local history almanac]. Shadrinsk, 1995, pp. 163. (In Russian)
42. Fedchenko M. N. Material’no-bytovye problemy naseleniya Kurganskoi oblasti (1943—1945 gg.) [Material and everyday problems of the population of the Kurgan region (1943—1945)]. Zaural’e i Pobeda v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941—1945 gg.: materialy regional’noi nauch.-prakt. konf. (Kurgan, 22 apr. 2015 g.) [Trans-Urals and Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941—1945. Proceed. of the regional sci. and pract. conf. (Kurgan, Apr. 22, 2015)]. Kurgan, Kurgan. gos. un-t Publ., 2015, pp. 315—322. (In Russian)
43. Finikova I. G. Polozhenie evakuirovannogo naseleniya g. Kurgana v 1941—1942 godakh [The situation of the evacuated population of the city of Kurgan in 1941—1942]. Zyryanovskie chteniya: materialy mezhregional’noi nauch.-prakt. konf. (Kurgan, 14—15 dek. 2004 g.) [Zyryanov readings. Proceed. of the interregional sci. and pract. conf. (Kurgan, Dec. 14—15, 2004)]. Kurgan, Kurgan. gos. un-t Publ., 2004, pp. 112—114. (In Russian)
44. Khisamutdinova R. R. Sel’skoe khozyaistvo Urala v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny. Maloizvestnye stranitsy [Agriculture of the Urals during the Great Patriotic War. Little known pages]. Orenburg, OGPU Publ., 2002. 300 p. (In Russian)
45. Shadrinskaya starina. Kraevedcheskii al’manakh [Shadrinsk antiquity. Local history almanac]. Shadrinsk, 2004. (In Russian)
46. Shadrinskaya starina. Kraevedcheskii al’manakh [Shadrinsk antiquity. Local history almanac]. Shadrinsk, 2016. (In Russian)
47. Shadrinskii rabochii, 1944. Febr. 13. (In Russian)
48. Shadrinskii rabochii, 1944. July 14. (In Russian)
49. Shadrinskii rabochii, 1944. Apr. 2. (In Russian)
50. Shadrinskii rabochii, 1944. March 22. (In Russian)
51. Yuzhnoe Zaural’e v gody voiny: istoriya v dokumentakh 1941—1945 gg. [Southern Trans-Urals during the War: History in Documents 1941—1945]. Kurgan, Zaural’e Publ., 2005. 212 p. (In Russian)

Bibliography link to this article:

Podkorytova S. V., Fedchenko M. N. Food supply of the population of the Southern Trans-Urals during the Great Patriotic War. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2022, no. 1 (41), pp. 108—125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2022.41.10.