Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2022. № 2 (42). P. 201—212
HISTORICAL SCIENCES
UDC 94(574.1)
Frizen Dmitriy Yakovlevich, Candidate of Historical Sciences
Independent Researcher, Germany
TO THE PROBLEM OF COLONIZATION OF THE KAZAKH REGION OF THE 19th — early 20th CENTURY
Abstract
This article examines the problem of studying the colonization of Kazakh lands in Kazakh and Russian historiography. The attention is focused on such aspects as the impact of colonization on the socio-economic development of the Kazakh region, the mass seizure of Kazakh lands, the destruction of the traditional economic structure of the Kazakh society. The article reveals the study of colonization in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet historiography in a comparative aspect. Special attention is paid to rethinking the history of the Kazakh people in the course of gaining independence as well as reconsidering the term of colonization as a combination of socio-economic, spiritual, mental and other factors.
1. Abdirov M. Zh. Zavoevanie Kazakhstana tsarskoi Rossiei i bor’ba kazakhskogo naroda za nezavisimost’ (Iz istorii voenno-kazach’ei kolonizatsii kraya v kontse XVI — nachale XX veka) [The conquest of Kazakhstan by Tsarist Russia and the struggle of the Kazakh people for independence (From the history of the military-Cossack colonization of the region at the end of the 16th — beginning of the 20th centuries)]. Astana, Elorda Publ., 2000. 304 p. (In Russian)
2. Abylkhozhin Zh. B. Traditsionnaya struktura Kazakhstana: sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie aspekty funktsionirovaniya i transformatsii [The traditional structure of Kazakhstan: socio-economic aspects of functioning and transformation]. Alma-Ata, Gylym Publ., 1991. 240 p. (In Russian)
3. Aitenova B. K. Sovremennaya istoriografiya Kazakhstana o problemakh rossiiskoi kolonizatsii i natsional’no-osvoboditel’nogo dvizheniya v kazakhskoi stepi: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Modern historiography of Kazakhstan about the problems of Russian colonization and the national liberation movement in the Kazakh steppe. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Omsk, 2007. 25 p. (In Russian)
4. Aldamzhar Z. A. Istoriya: razmyshleniya i suzhdeniya [History: Reflections and Judgements]. St. Petersburg, SPGU Publ., 2006. 209 p. (In Russian)
5. Alash қozғalysy. Dvizhenie Alash: sb. dokumentov i materialov: aprel’ 1901 — dekabr’ 1917 g. T. 1 [Alash kozgalysy. Alash Movement: Coll. of documents and materials: April 1901 — December 1917. Vol. 1]. Almaty, Alash Publ., 2004. 552 p. (In Russian)
6. Amanzholova D. Kazakhskii avtonomizm i Rossiya. Istoriya dvizheniya “Alash” [Kazakh autonomism and Russia. The history of the movement “Alash”]. Moscow, Rossiya molodaya Publ., 1994. 216 p. (In Russian)
7. Anichkov I. V. Upadok narodnogo khozyaistva v kirgizskikh stepyakh [The decline of the national economy in the Kyrgyz steppes]. Russkaya mysl’, 1902, no. 5, pp. 50—73. (In Russian)
8. Asfendiarov S. D. Natsional’no-osvoboditel’noe vosstanie 1916 goda v Kazakhstane [National liberation uprising of 1916 in Kazakhstan]. Alma-Ata, Kazakhskoe kraevoe izd-vo Publ., 1936. 150 p. (In Russian)
9. Atusheva S. Pereselencheskaya politika tsarskoi Rossii i krizis traditsionnogo kazakhskogo obshchestva [The resettlement policy of tsarist Russia and the crisis of traditional Kazakh society]. Mysl’, 2000, no. 4, pp. 70—72. (In Russian)
10. Auezova L. K voprosu o pereselenii krest’yan i ikh roli v razvitii zemledeliya v Kazakhstane v 70—90-kh godakh XIX veka [To the question of the resettlement of peasants and their role in the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan in the 70—90s of the XIX century]. Izvestiya AN KazSSR. Ser. istorii, arkheologii i etnografii, 1958, is. 1, pp. 28—41. (In Russian)
11. Bezvikonnaya E. V. Administrativno-pravovaya politika Rossiiskoi imperii v stepnykh oblastyakh Zapadnoi Sibiri v 20—60-kh gg. XIX v. [Administrative and legal policy of the Russian Empire in the steppe regions of Western Siberia in the 20—60s 19th century]. Omsk, 2005. 239 p. (In Russian)
12. Bekmakhanov E. B. Prisoedinenie Kazakhstana k Rossii [Accession of Kazakhstan to Russia]. Moscow, AN SSSR Publ., 1957. 343 p. (In Russian)
13. Bekmakhanov E. B. Kazakhstan v 20—40-e gg. XIX veka. 2-e izd. [Kazakhstan in the 20—40s 19th century. 2nd ed.]. Alma-Ata, Қazaқ universitetі Publ., 1992. 400 p. (In Russian)
14. Bykov A. Yu. Rossiiskaya pravitel’stvennaya politika v stepnykh oblastyakh i transformatsiya traditsionnogo kazakhskogo obshchestva: 1731—1917 gg.: avtoref. dis. … d-ra ist. nauk [Russian government policy in the steppe regions and the transformation of traditional Kazakh society: 1731—1917. Abstr. Dr. Dis.]. St. Petersburg, 2005. 50 p. (In Russian)
15. Vasil’ev D. V. Rossiya i Kazakhskaya step’: administrativnaya politika i status okrainy. XVIII — pervaya polovina XIX veka [Russia and the Kazakh steppe: administrative policy and the status of the outskirts. XVIII — first half of the XIX century]. Moscow, Politicheskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 2014. 471 p. (In Russian)
16. Galuzo P. G. Osnovnye sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie uklady stepnogo Kazakhstana — kolonii perioda imperializma [The main socio-economic structures of the steppe Kazakhstan — colonies of the period of imperialism]. Voprosy istorii kapitalisticheskoi Rossii. Problema mnogoukladnosti: sbornik statei [Questions of the history of capitalist Russia. The problem of multiformity. A collection of articles]. Sverdlovsk, Ural’skii gos. un-t im. A. M. Gor’kogo Publ., 1972, pp. 118—138. (In Russian)
17. Gins G. K. Pereselenie i kolonizatsiya. Vyp. 1—2 [Migration and colonization. Iss. 1—2]. St. Petersburg, 1913. 49 p. (In Russian)
18. Dubovikov A. M. Ural’skoe kazachestvo v poreformennyi period. 1861—1904 gg.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Ural Cossacks in the post-reform period. 1861—1904. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Samara, 2000. 18 p. (In Russian)
19. Elagin A. S. Kazachestvo i kazach’i voiska v Kazakhstane [Cossacks and Cossack troops in Kazakhstan]. Almaty, Kazakhstan Publ., 1993. 80 p. (In Russian)
20. Istoriya Kazakhstana (s drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei): v 5 t. T. 3 [History of Kazakhstan (from ancient times to the present day). In 5 vols. Vol. 3]. Almaty, Atamura Publ., 2000. 768 p. (In Russian)
21. Kasymbaev Zh. K. Pod nadezhnuyu zashchitu Rossii [Under the reliable protection of Russia]. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan Publ., 1986. 136 p. (In Russian)
22. Kaufman A. A. Pereselenie: Mechty i deistvitel’nost’ [Resettlement: Dreams and Reality]. Moscow, 1906. 37 p. (In Russian)
23. Kaufman A. A. Agrarnyi vopros v Rossii [The agrarian question in Russia]. Moscow, 1908. 167 p. (In Russian)
24. Kozybaev M. K. Istoriya i sovremennost’ [History and modernity]. Almaty, Ғylym Publ., 1991. 254 p. (In Russian)
25. Kshibekov D. Kochevoe obshchestvo: genezis, razvitie, upadok [Nomadic society: genesis, development, decline]. Alma-Ata, Nauka Publ., 1984. 238 p. (In Russian)
26. Kurylev V. P. Skot, zemlya, obshchina u kochevykh i polukochevykh kazakhov (vtoraya polovina XIX — nachalo XX v.) [Cattle, land, community among nomadic and semi-nomadic Kazakhs (second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries)]. St. Petersburg, MAE Publ., 1998. 287 p. (In Russian)
27. Lyubavskii M. K. Obzor istorii russkoi kolonizatsii s drevneishikh vremen i do XX veka [Overview of the history of Russian colonization from ancient times to the twentieth century]. Moscow, Mosk. un-t Publ., 1996. 668 p. (In Russian)
28. Maltusynov S. N. Agrarnyi vopros v Kazakhstane i Gosudarstvennaya Duma Rossii (1906—1917 gg.) [The agrarian question in Kazakhstan and the State Duma of Russia (1906—1917)]. Almaty, Nauka Publ., 2006. 332 p. (In Russian)
29. Masanov N. E. Kochevaya tsivilizatsiya kazakhov (osnovy zhiznedeyatel'nosti nomadnogo obshchestva) [The nomadic civilization of the Kazakhs (the foundations of the life of the nomadic society)]. Almaty, Sotsinvest Publ., Moscow, Gorizont Publ., 1995. 320 p. (In Russian)
30. Masanov N. E., Abylkhozhin Zh. B., Erofeeva I. V. Nauchnoe znanie i mifotvorchestvo v sovremennoi istoriografii Kazakhstana [Scientific knowledge and myth making in modern historiography of Kazakhstan]. Almaty, Daik-Press Publ., 2007. 296 s. (In Russian)
31. Myrzakhmetova A. Zh. Istoriya obrazovaniya i deyatel’nosti organov Pereselencheskogo upravleniya v Kazakhstane v kontse XIX — nachale XX v.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The history of the formation and activities of the bodies of the Resettlement Administration in Kazakhstan in the late XIX — early XX century. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Karaganda, 2007. 29 p. (In Russian)
32. Remnev A. V., Suvorova N. G. Kolonizatsiya Aziatskoi Rossii: imperskie i natsional’nye stsenarii vtoroi poloviny XIX — nachala XX veka [Colonization of Asian Russia: Imperial and National Scenarios of the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries]. Omsk, Izdat. dom “Nauka” Publ., 2013. 248 p. (In Russian)
33. Rossiya i ee “kolonii”. Kak Gruziya, Ukraina, Moldaviya, Pribaltika i Srednyaya Aziya voshli v sostav Rossii [Russia and its “colonies”. How Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova, the Baltic States and Central Asia became part of Russia]. Moscow, Dar Publ., 2007. 576 p. (In Russian)
34. Rumyantsev P. P. Kirgizskii narod v proshlom i nastoyashchem [Kyrgyz people in the past and present]. St. Petersburg, 1910. 65 p. (In Russian)
35. Sarieva R. Kh. Kolonial’naya politika tsarizma v Kazakhstane: na primere Turgaiskoi oblasti (1868—1914 gg.): avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [The colonial policy of tsarism in Kazakhstan: on the example of the Turgai region (1868—1914). Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Almaty, 2002. 33 p. (In Russian)
36. Sedel’nikov T. I. Bor’ba za zemlyu v Kirgizskoi stepi [Struggle for land in the Kyrgyz steppe]. St. Petersburg, 1907. 177 p. (In Russian)
37. Soroka N. N. Krest’yanskie pereseleniya i ikh vliyanie na ekonomiku kazakhskogo kochevogo aula Stepnogo kraya vtoroi poloviny XIX — nachala XX v.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Peasant migrations and their impact on the economy of the Kazakh nomadic village of the Steppe Territory in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Omsk, 2009. 35 p. (In Russian)
38. Suleimenov B. S. Agrarnyi vopros v Kazakhstane poslednei treti XIX — nachala XX v. (1867—1907 gg.) [The agrarian issue in Kazakhstan in the last third of the 19th — early 20th centuries. (1867—1907)]. Alma-Ata, AN KazSSR Publ., 1963. 411 p. (In Russian)
39. Temirgaliev R. D. Kazakhi i Rossiya [Kazakhs and Russia]. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya Publ., 2013. 348 p. (In Russian)
40. Togzhanov G. Kazakhskii kolonial’nyi aul. Ch. 1 [Kazakh colonial village. Part 1]. Moscow, 1934. 110 p. (In Russian)
41. Tokmurzaev B. S. Agrarnaya kolonizatsiya Stepnogo kraya v imperskom proekte i praktikakh vtoroi poloviny XIX — XX v.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Agrarian colonization of the Steppe region in the imperial project and practices of the second half of the 19th — 20th centuries. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Omsk, 2016. 28 p. (In Russian)
42. Tolybekov S. E. Kochevoe obshchestvo kazakhov v XVII — nachale XX v. (politiko-ekonomicheskii analiz) [Nomadic society of the Kazakhs in the XVII — early XX century. (Political and economic analysis)]. Alma-Ata, Nauka Publ., 1971. 633 p. (In Russian)
43. Tursunbaev A. B. Iz istorii krest’yanskogo pereseleniya v Kazakhstan [From the history of peasant resettlement in Kazakhstan]. Alma-Ata, AN KazSSR Publ., 1950. 102 p. (In Russian)
44. Khvorostanskii P. Kirgizskii vopros v svyazi s kolonizatsiei stepi [The Kyrgyz question in connection with the colonization of the steppe]. Voprosy kolonizatsii: sb. statei [Issues of colonization. A collection of articles]. St. Petersburg, 1907, pp. 53—104. (In Russian)
45. Tsentral’naya Aziya v sostave Rossiiskoi imperii [Central Asia within the Russian Empire]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2008. 451 p. (In Russian)
46. Churkin M. K. Pereseleniya krest’yan chernozemnogo tsentra Evropeiskoi Rossii v Zapadnuyu Sibir’ vo vtoroi polovine XIX — nachale XX v.: determiniruyushchie faktory migratsionnoi mobil’nosti i adaptatsii [Resettlement of Peasants from the Black Earth Center of European Russia to Western Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries: Determining Factors of Migration Mobility and Adaptation]. Omsk, OmGPU Publ., 2006. 376 p. (In Russian)
47. Shilovskii M. V. K voprosu o kolonial’nom polozhenii Sibiri v sostave russkogo gosudarstva [On the question of the colonial position of Siberia as part of the Russian state]. Evropeiskie issledovaniya v Sibiri [European Studies in Siberia]. Tomsk, TGU Publ., 2001, is. 3, pp. 11—16. (In Russian)
48. Shkapskii O. Nekotorye dannye dlya osveshcheniya kirgizskogo voprosa [Some data to cover the Kyrgyz issue]. Russkaya mysl’, 1897, no. VI, pp. 44—58. (In Russian)
49. Shvetsov S. P. Pereselencheskaya kolonizatsiya [Migration colonization]. Kazakhskoe khozyaistvo v ego estestvenno-istoricheskikh i bytovykh usloviyakh (priroda i byt Kazakhstana) [Kazakh economy in its natural-historical and living conditions (nature and life of Kazakhstan)]. Moscow, Narkomat zemledeliya KazASSR Publ., 1926, pp. 106—113. (In Russian)
50. Shoinbaev T. Progressivnoe znachenie prisoedineniya Kazakhstana k Rossii [Progressive Significance of Kazakhstan’s Accession to Russia]. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan Publ., 1973. 247 p. (In Russian)
51. Shcherbina F. A. Issledovaniya stepnykh oblastei [Studies of the steppe regions]. Trudy Imperatorskogo vol’nogo ekonomicheskogo obshchestva [Proceedings of the Imperial Free Economic Society]. 1902, no. 4, pp. 321—339. (In Russian)
52. Äbenov D. Q. Qazaq jerıne orys şarualaryñ qonystandyru tarihy (XIX ğasyrdyñ sony — XX ğasyrdyñ basy). (Oral, Torğai oblastary materialdary negızınde) [History of the settlement of Russian peasants on Kazakh land (late XIX — early XX century). (Based on materials from Uralsk and Turgai regions)]. Аktobe, 2009. 270 p. (In Kazakh)
53. Egemberdiev M. Ş. Resei imperiasynyñ Ontüstıq Qazaqstandağy orystyndyru saiasaty (XIX ğasyrdyñ ekınşı jartysy — XX ğasyrdyñ basy): tarih ğyl. kand. dis. avtoreferaty [Russification policy of the Russian Empire in Southern Kazakhstan (second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries). Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Almaty, 2006. 26 p. (In Kazakh)
54. İsmağūlov Ū. Ş. XX ğasyrdyñ bas kezendegı Batys Qazaqstandağy jer mäselesı (1900—1917 jj.): tarih ğyl. kand. dis. [Land issue in Western Kazakhstan at the beginning of the twentieth century (1900—1917). Cand. Dis.]. Almaty, 1995. 142 p. (In Kazakh)
55. Qoigeldiev M. Alaş qozğalysy [Movement of Alash]. Almaty, Sanat Publ., 1995. 368 p. (In Kazakh)
56. Nūrpeiısov K. Alaş häm Alaş Orda [Alash and Alash Horde]. Almaty, Аtatek Publ., 1995. 256 p. (In Kazakh)
57. Şonan-ūly T. Jer tağdyry — el tağdyry [The fate of the earth is the fate of the country]. Almaty, Sanat Publ., 1995. 224 p. (In Kazakh)
Bibliography link to this article:
Frizen D. Ya. To the problem of colonization of the Kazakh region of the 19th — early 20th century. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2022, no. 2 (42), pp. 201—212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2022.42.16.