Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal. 2024. № 1 (49). P. 253—265

 

HISTORICAL SCIENCES

Original article

UDC 94(47)“18/19”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2024.49.14

Providing comprehensive assistance to the rural population by communities of sisters of mercy in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century

Еkaterina V. Efimushkina, Teacher at the Department of History of Russia
St. Tikhons Orthodox University for the humanities, Moscow, Russia, Ekaterina-Petrova12@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-2953

Tatiana N. Lapteva, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher
St. Tikhons Orthodox University for the humanities, Moscow, Russia, lapti-stv@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-295X

 

Abstract

The article examines the origin and the formation process of the institution of rural sisters of mercy communities in Russia. The authors studied projects, as well as the processes of creating and implementing charters of rural communities of sisters of mercy, which allows us to see the features of the development of this institution in the country. The authors analyzed the documentation on the opening of the first rural community of sisters of mercy in the village Burigi, Pskov province. The authors also studied the process of creation and functioning of other rural communities of sisters of mercy that existed in different regions of the Russian Empire, which for the most part were under the administration of the Russian Red Cross Society. The opening of rural communities of sisters of mercy was an innovation; their internal organization had no analogues among the urban communities of sisters of mercy that already existed at that time. Studies of this phenomenon allow to take a more detailed look at the activities of communities of sisters of mercy, showing the heterogeneity in the organization of their work in different parts of the country.

Keywords

Rural communities of sisters of mercy, princess Maria Dondukova-Korsakova, archbishop Platon (Gorodetsky), zemstvo, zemstvo reform of 1864, boarders, Russian Red Cross Society.

For citation:

Efimushkina Е. V., Lapteva T. N. Providing comprehensive assistance to the rural population by communities of sisters of mercy in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2024, no. 1 (49), pp. 253—265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2024.49.14.

The full text of the article PDF (Russian)

 

References

1. Aptekman O. V. Obshchestvo “Zemlya i volya” 70-kh gg.: po lichnym vospominaniyam [Society “Land and Freedom” of the 70s: according to personal memories]. Petrograd, Kolos Publ., 1924. 459 p. (In Russian)
2. Veselovskii B. B. Istoriya zemstva za sorok let. T. 1 [History of zemstvo for forty years. Vol. 1]. St. Petersburg, O. N. Popovoi Publ., 1909. 724 p. (In Russian)
3. Vestnik Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta [Bulletin of the Russian Red Cross Society]. 1898, no. 3. (In Russian)
4. Vestnik Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta [Bulletin of the Russian Red Cross Society]. 1912, no. 10. (In Russian)
5. Vestnik Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta [Bulletin of the Russian Red Cross Society]. 1912, no. 12. (In Russian)
6. Dondukova-Korsakova M. M. Sestram miloserdiya [To the Sisters of Mercy]. Otdykh khristianina, 1909, no. 10, pp. 50—56. (In Russian)
7. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 431 ot 6 marta 1898 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 431 dated March 6, 1898]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1898 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1898]. St. Petersburg, 1899. (In Russian)
8. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 432 ot 27 marta 1898 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 432 dated March 27, 1898]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1898 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1898]. St. Petersburg, 1899. (In Russian)
9. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 480 ot 2 avgusta 1900 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 480 dated August 2, 1900]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1900 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1900]. St. Petersburg, 1901. (In Russian)
10. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 507 ot 19 iyulya 1901 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 507 dated July 19, 1901]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1901 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1901]. St. Petersburg, 1902. (In Russian)
11. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 514 ot 9 noyabrya 1901 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 514 dated November 9, 1901]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1901 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1901]. St. Petersburg, 1902. (In Russian)
12. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 573 ot 28 iyulya 1904 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 573 dated July 28, 1904]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1904 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1904]. St. Petersburg, 1905. (In Russian)
13. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 579 ot 21 yanvarya 1905 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 579 dated January 21, 1905]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1905 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1905]. St. Petersburg, 1906. (In Russian)
14. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 724 ot 20 noyabrya 1908 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 724 dated November 20, 1908]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1908 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1908]. St. Petersburg, 1909. (In Russian)
15. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 746 ot 4 iyunya 1909 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 746 dated June 4, 1909]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1909 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1909]. St. Petersburg, 1910. (In Russian)
16. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 762 ot 26 noyabrya 1909 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 762 dated November 26, 1909]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1909 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1909]. St. Petersburg, 1910. (In Russian)
17. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 841 ot 5 yanvarya 1912 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 841 dated January 5, 1912]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1912 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1912]. St. Petersburg, 1913. (In Russian)
18. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 847 ot 9 fevralya 1912 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 847 dated February 9, 1912]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1912 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1912]. St. Petersburg, 1913. (In Russian)
19. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 858 ot 17 maya 1912 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 858 dated May 17, 1912]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1912 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1912]. St. Petersburg, 1913. (In Russian)
20. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 866 ot 9 avgusta 1912 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 866 dated August 9, 1912]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1912 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1912]. St. Petersburg, 1913. (In Russian)
21. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 871 ot 27 sentyabrya 1912 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 871 dated September 27, 1912]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1912 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1912]. St. Petersburg, 1913. (In Russian)
22. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 901 ot 30 maya 1913 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 901 dated May 30, 1913]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1913 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1913]. St. Petersburg, 1914. (In Russian)
23. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 940 ot 10 iyulya 1914 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 940 dated July 10, 1914]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1914 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1914]. St. Petersburg, 1915. (In Russian)
24. Zhurnal zasedaniya obshchego sobraniya chlenov ROKK № 1001 ot 16 sentyabrya 1914 g. [Journal of the meeting of the general meeting of members of the Russian Red Cross Society. No. 1001 dated September 16, 1914]. Zhurnaly zasedanii Glavnogo upravleniya ROKK za 1914 g. [Journals of the meetings of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1914]. St. Petersburg, 1915. (In Russian)
25. Ipatova S. A. N. S. Leskov o lorde Redstoke, ego verouchenii i “velikosvetskom raskole” [N. S. Leskov about Lord Radstock, his creed and the “high society schism”]. Pushkinskie chteniya-2015. Khudozhestvennye strategii klassicheskoi i novoi literatury: zhanr, avtor, tekst: materialy XX mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [Pushkin Readings-2015. Artistic strategies of classical and new literature: genre, author, text. Proceed. of the XX Internat. sci. conf.]. St. Petersburg, LGU im. A. S. Pushkina Publ., 2015, pp. 73—83. (In Russian)
26. Karpenko I. V., Sergeeva M. S., Gavryuchenkov D. V., Volovchenko G. N. Pokrovskaya (Novoladozhskaya) obshchina sel’skikh sester miloserdiya Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta na sluzhbe zemskoi meditsiny v kontse XIX — nachale XX v. [The Pokrovskaya (Novoladozhskaya) Society of Russian Red Cross Rural Nurses in the service of zemstvo medicine in the late 19th to early 20th centuries]. Istoriya meditsiny — History of Medicine, 2018, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 132—143. (In Russian)
27. Karpycheva L. A. Obshchina sel’skikh sester miloserdiya pod nazvaniem “Marii Magdaliny” [Community of rural sisters of mercy “Mary Magdalene”]. “Na nebesakh ugotovitsya istina Tvoya”: Neravnodushnye mysli veruyushchego cheloveka [“Thy faithfulness wilt thou establish in the very heavens”: Caring mind of a believer]. St. Petersburg, Pokrovskaya obshchina Publ., 2009, pp. 238. (In Russian)
28. Korzhenevskii S. N. Zemskaya meditsina v Tverskoi gubernii [Zemstvo medicine in the Tver province]. Tver, San. otd. Tver. gub. upravy Publ., 1903. 162 p. (In Russian)
29. Korneva N. M. Knyazhna Mariya Mikhailovna Dondukova-Korsakova [Princess Maria Mikhailovna Dondukova-Korsakova]. Iz glubiny vremen, 1994, no. 3, pp. 82—88. (In Russian)
30. Lapteva L. E. Zemskie uchrezhdeniya v Rossii [Zemstvo institutions in Russia]. Moscow, IGPAN Publ., 1993. 132 p. (In Russian)
31. Lichnyi sostav uchrezhdenii Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta, sostoyashchego pod avgusteishim pokrovitel’stvom Gosudaryni Imperatritsy Marii Fedorovny: sostavlen po svedeniyam k 15 oktyabrya 1913 g. [Personnel of the institutions of the Russian Red Cross Society, which is under the august patronage of the Empress Maria Fyodorovna: compiled according to information as of October 15, 1913]. Petrograd, Gos. tip. Publ., 1914. (In Russian)
32. Mediko-sanitarnyi obzor Novoladozhskogo uezda s 1 avgusta 1902 po 1 avgusta 1903 gg. [Medical and sanitary review of Novoladozhsky district from August 1, 1902 to August 1, 1903]. No place, no year [1903]. (In Russian)
33. Obshchina sester miloserdiya sv. Marii Magdaliny v sele Buregi [Community of Sisters of Charity of St. Mary Magdalene in the Buregi village]. St. Petersburg, Tip. A. A. Kraevskogo Publ., 1863. 43 p. (In Russian)
34. Otchet Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta za 1902 g. Ch. 2 [Report of the Russian Red Cross Society of 1902. Part 2]. St. Petersburg, 1905. (In Russian)
35. Petrova E. V. Pervaya sel’skaya obshchina sester miloserdiya v Rossiiskoi imperii [The first rural community of sisters of mercy in the Russian Empire]. XXV Ezhegodnaya bogoslovskaya konferentsiya Pravoslavnogo Svyato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta [XXV Annual Theological Conference of the Orthodox St. Tikhon’s Humanitarian University]. Moscow, PSTGU Publ., 2016, pp. 177—179. (In Russian)
36. Petrovskii A. S. Derevenskie sestry miloserdiya. Opyt obrazovaniya iz krest’yanskikh devushek sester miloserdiya dlya potrebnostei derevenskogo naseleniya [Rural Sisters of Mercy. Experience in the formation of sisters of mercy from peasant girls for the needs of the rural population]. St. Petersburg, S.-Peterb. gub. tip. Publ., 1893. 16 p. (In Russian)
37. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobr. 2. T. 39. Ch. 1 [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Collection 2. Vol. 39. Part 1]. St. Petersburg, 1867. № 40457 (1 January 1864 g.). (In Russian)
38. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobr. 2. T. 40. Ch. 1 [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Collection 2. Vol. 40. Part 1]. St. Petersburg, 1867. № 41973 (2 April 1865 g.). (In Russian)
39. Polovtsov A. A. Dnevnik gosudarstvennogo sekretarya: v 2 t. T. 2 [Diary of the Secretary of State. In 2 vols. Vol. 2]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1966. 578 p. (In Russian)
40. Protokol Glavnogo upravleniya Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta za 1895 g. [Protocol of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society for 1895] St. Petersburg, 1896. (In Russian)
41. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voenno-istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Military Historical Archive] (RGVIA). F. 12651. Op. 1. D. 679.
42. RGVIA. F. 12651. Op. 1. D. 729.
43. RGVIA. F. 12651. Op. 3. D. 131.
44. RGVIA. F. 12651. Op. 3. D. 271.
45. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Historical Archive] (RGIA). F. 544. Op. 2. D. 255.
46. RGIA. F. 1287. Op. 8. D. 1344.
47. Sorokina T. S. Zemskaya meditsina — prioritet Rossii [Zemstvo medicine is a priority for Russia]. Zemskii vrach, 2010, no. 1, pp. 7—10. (In Russian)
48. Spisok sester miloserdiya Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta, naznachennykh dlya ukhoda za ranenymi i bol’nymi voinami v lechebnye uchrezhdeniya Krasnogo Kresta, voennogo vedomstva, obshchestvennykh organizatsii i chastnykh lits: sostavlen po svedeniyam, imeyushchimsya v Kantselyarii Glavnogo upravleniya Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta k 1-mu avgusta 1915 goda [List of nurses of the Russian Red Cross Society assigned to care for wounded and sick soldiers in medical institutions of the Red Cross, military department, public organizations and individuals: compiled according to information available in the Office of the Main Directorate of the Russian Red Cross Society by August 1, 1915 of the year]. Petrograd, Gos. tip. Publ., 1915. XVI, 924 p. (In Russian)
49. Ustav Aleksandriiskoi obshchiny sel’skikh sester miloserdiya Rossiiskogo obshchestva Krasnogo Kresta [Charter of the Alexandria community of rural nurses of the Russian Red Cross Society]. Aleksandria, Tip. F. Kh. Raikhel’sona Publ., 1912. (In Russian)
50. Ustav obshchiny sel’skikh sester miloserdiya pod nazvaniem “Marii Magdaliny” [Charter of the community of rural sisters of mercy “Mary Magdalene”]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Collection 2. St. Petersburg, 1867, vol. 40, part 1, no. 41973 (Apr. 2, 1865). (In Russian)