Imported fibulae from the Kama region in the first centuries AD: dynamics of distribution
Aleksander A. Krasnopeorov, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Researcher
Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature, Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia, alexander.kaa@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-4536
Abstract
The article examines fibulae of the first centuries AD which were found on the monuments of the settled population of the Kama region and the Urals (the basins of the Kama River and its main tributaries the Vyatka, the Ik, the Belaya). This territory contains monuments of the ‘Pyany Bor’, early and late ‘Kara-Abyz’, middle and late ‘Glyadenovo’, ‘Mazunino’ and ‘Azelino’ archaeological cultures. For comparison, information about the finds among the Sarmatian groups of the Volga region, Southern Urals, and from Central Asia and Siberia was used. The chronological spectrum covers the period of I—III centuries AD, but there are significant differences among individual archaeological cultures. In the earliest period (I—II centuries) fibulae come almost exclusively to the ‘Pyany Bor’ population; in synchronous monuments of the early ‘Kara-Abyz’ culture they are rare, and the typological set is different. In the late period (III century) fibulae (of all typological groups) come mainly to the ‘Mazunino’ population (in the central part of the region), fibulae are also widely represented among the ‘Azelino’ groups (in the western part of the region). The late ‘Kara-Abyz’ population (southern part of the region) occupying a territorial intermediate position between the forest zone and the “Sarmatian steppes” has practically no fibulae. The ‘Glyadenovo’ groups (eastern part of the region) are the far periphery, practically devoid of fibulae. It seems that there were no close contacts between the synchronous groups. The typological spectrum and cartography of the finds in the forest and steppe (“Sarmatian”) zones show that the logically assumed routes — up the Volga or from the Sarmatians of the southern Urals through the Belaya — are not confirmed by real finds. A set of fibulae demonstrates different directions of connections. For some groups of fibulae (Almgren-242, Almgren-87, Almgren-204) entry through the Middle and Upper Don region is possible. For the most common ones (Almgren-156, Almgren-192(?)), the question remains open.
Keywords
Fibulae, chronology, typology, the Kama region, Kara-Abyz archaeological culture, Glyadenovo archaeological culture, Pyany Bor archaeological culture, Mazunino archaeological culture, Azelino archaeological culture, the Sarmatians, the Volga region, the Southern Urals, Central Asia, Siberia.
Acknowledgments: The author expresses gratitude to Dmitry G. Bugrov (Kazan), Larisa I. Lipina (Izhevsk), Igor O. Gavritukhin (Moscow), Vladimir Yu. Malashev (Moscow), Veronica A. Bernts (Izhevsk), Svetlana L. Vorobyova (Ufa) for the provided drawings, the opportunity to work in museum funds, recommendations and help with literary sources
For citation:
Krasnopeorov A. A. Imported fibulae from the Kama region in the first centuries AD: dynamics of distribution. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2024, no. 2 (50), pp. 230—258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2024.50.14.
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