State social policy towards disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War in Chkalov (Orenburg) region in 1945—1953
Ravilya R. Khisamutdinova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor
Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia, hisamutdinova@inbox.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-0683
Albert Kh. Aptikiev, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor
Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia, albert-aptikiev@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1791-9346
Abstract
The article reveals the implementation of the social policy on rehabilitation of war invalids in one of the regions of the Soviet Union — Chkalov (Orenburg) region, which included a whole range of measures: treatment, prosthetics, social security and services, vocational training and retraining, employment of people with different groups of disabilities, placement in social institutions of those who needed it. It is proven that, despite the difficult situation in the devastated country, the state found funds to implement the program aimed at restoring the social and personal status of the disabled. There were enough difficulties and complexities with prosthetics, employment, living conditions of the disabled in social institutions, but in the post-war years they were gradually overcome.
Keywords
Disabled soldiers, Great Patriotic War, employment, medical care, prosthetics, benefits, social institutions.
For citation:
Khisamutdinova R. R., Aptikiev A. Kh. State social policy towards disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War in Chkalov (Orenburg) region in 1945—1953. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2025, no. 4 (56), pp. 237—253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2025.56.15.
1. Verzhbilovskii P. P. Trudovoe ustroistvo invalidov Otechestvennoi voiny [Employment of disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War]. Moscow, Profizdat Publ., 1943. 32 p. (In Russian)
2. Obodan N. M. (comp.) Vozvrashchenie k trudovoi deyatel’nosti invalidov Otechestvennoi voiny: sb. postanovlenii i instruktsii [Return to work for disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War. A collection of resolutions and instructions]. Leningrad, Lenizdat Publ., 1943. 120 p. (In Russian)
3. Giniatullina L. M. Doma-internaty dlya invalidov voiny Bashkirskoi ASSR (1942—1951 gg.) [Boarding houses for war invalids of the Bashkir ASSR (1942—1951)]. Obshchestvo: filosofiya, istoriya, kul’tura — Society: Philosophy, History, Culture, 2021, no. 6 (86), pp. 94—102. DOI: 10.24158/fik.2021.6.16. (In Russian)
4. Grishina O. A. Organizatsiya sotsial’nogo obespecheniya invalidov Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941—1945 gg. (na materialakh Krasnodarskogo kraya): avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Social security for disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945 (Based on materials from the Krasnodar Territory). Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Armavir, 2015. 20 p. (In Russian)
5. Degtyareva N. A. Gospitali na Yuzhnom Urale v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (1941—1945 gg.) [Hospitals in the Southern Urals during the Great Patriotic War (1941—1945)]. Orenburg, OGIM Publ., 2024. 230 p. (In Russian)
6. Zubkova E. Yu. Poslevoennoe sovetskoe obshchestvo: politika i povsednevnost’. 1945—1953 [Post-war soviet society. Politics and everyday life. 1945—1953]. Moscow, Rossiiskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 2000. 229 p. (In Russian)
7. Kiskidosova T. A. Deyatel’nost’ organov sotsial’nogo obespecheniya Khakasii v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Activities of social security agencies in Khakassia during the Great Patriotic War]. Velikaya Otechestvennaya voina 1941—1945 gg.: istoricheskaya pamyat’ i preemstvennost’ pokolenii: materialy Vseros. nauch.-prakt. konf. s mezhdunar. uchastiem, posvyashch. 80-letiyu Pobedy v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine (g. Abakan, 28—29 maya 2025 g.) [The Great Patriotic War 1941—1945. Historical memory and continuity of generations. Proceed. of the All-Russia sci. and pract. conf. with Internat. participation, dedicated to the 80th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War (Abakan, May 28—29, 2025)]. Abakan, Khakasskoe kn. izd-vo im. V. M. Torosova Publ., 2025, pp. 34—39. (In Russian)
8. Kovalev A. S. Deyatel’nost’ Abakanskoi proteznoi masterskoi v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Activities of the Abakan prosthetic workshop during the Great Patriotic War] Velikaya Otechestvennaya voina 1941—1945 gg.: istoricheskaya pamyat’ i preemstvennost’ pokolenii: materialy Vseros. nauch.-prakt. konf. s mezhdunar. uchastiem, posvyashch. 80-letiyu Pobedy v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine (g. Abakan, 28—29 maya 2025 g.) [The Great Patriotic war 1941—1945. Historical memory and continuity of generations. Proceed. of the All-Russia sci. and pract. conf. with Internat. participation, dedicated to the 80th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War (Abakan, May 28—29, 2025)]. Abakan, Khakasskoe kn. izd-vo im. V. M. Torosova Publ., 2025, pp. 20—25. (In Russian)
9. Kovalev A. S. Obuchenie i pereobuchenie invalidov v gospitalyakh Krasnoyarskogo kraya v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Training and retraining of disabled people in hospitals of Krasnoyarsk region during the Great Patriotic War]. Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal’nogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye nauki — Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences, 2023, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 2121—2134. (In Russian)
10. Manuilova Yu. N. Sotsial’naya reabilitatsiya invalidov voiny na Yuzhnom Urale, 1941—1945 gg.: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Social rehabilitation of war invalids in the Southern Urals, 1941—1945. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Kurgan, 2002. 23 p. (In Russian)
11. Martirosyan A. B. Za porogom pobedy [Beyond the threshold of victory]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2014. 320 p. (In Russian)
12. Mukhambetgalieva A. K. Gosudarstvennaya politika po okazaniyu pomoshchi sem’yam frontovikov i invalidam Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (na materialakh Aktyubinskoi oblasti) [State policy on providing assistance to the families of front-line soldiers and disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War (based on materials from the Aktobe region)]. Zavershenie korennogo pereloma v khode Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: problemy issledovaniya i sokhraneniya istoricheskoi pamyati. Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf., Orenburg, 30 noyab. — 1 dek. 2018 g.: sb. statei [Completion of the radical turning point during the Great Patriotic War. Problems of research and preservation of historical memory. Internat. sci. and pract. conf., Orenburg, Nov. 30 — Dec. 1, 2018. Collect. of art.]. Orenburg, OGPU Publ., 2018, pp. 199—202. (In Russian)
13. Mukhambetgalieva A. K. Pensionnoe obespechenie naseleniya Aktyubinskoi oblasti v poslevoennye gody (1946—1953) [The Pension provision of the population of Aktobe region in postwar years (1946—1953)]. Otan tarikhy. Nauchnyi zhurnal — History of the Homeland, 2021, no. 4 (96), pp. 172— 181. (In Russian)
14. Mukhambetgalieva A. K. Realizatsiya sovetskoi sotsial’noi politiki v Kazakhstane v 1946—1953 gg. (na materialakh Aktyubinskoi oblasti): dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Implementation of soviet social policy in Kazakhstan in 1946—1953 (based on materials from the Aktobe region). Cand. Dis.]. Orenburg, 2023. 199 p. (In Russian)
15. Mukhambetgalieva A. K. Sotsial‘naya zashchita invalidov voiny v 1945—1946 gg. (na materialakh Aktyubinskoi oblasti) [Social protection of war disabled veterans in 1945—1946 (based on materials from the Aktobe region)]. Rol‘ Marata Ospanova v stanovlenii i razvitii suverennogo Kazakhstana: materialy nauch. teor. konf. s mezhdunar. uchastiem, posvyashch. 70-letnemu yubileyu … Marata Turdybekovicha Ospanova, v ramkakh realizatsii Gosudarstvennoi programmy “Rukhani 30 zhaңғyru” i Goda molodezhi v Respublike Kazakhstan (1 noyabrya 2019 g.) [The role of Marat Ospanov in the formation and development of Sovereign Kazakhstan. Proceed. of the sci. theoret. conf. with Internat. participation, dedicated to the 70th anniversary … of Marat Turdybekovich Ospanov, within the framework of the implementation of the state program “Rukhani 30 Zhangyru” and the year of youth in the Republic of Kazakhstan (Nov. 1, 2019)]. Aktobe, 2019, pp. 75—77. (In Russian)
16. Mukhambetgalieva A. K. Sotsial’naya pomoshch’ sem’yam pogibshikh voinov i invalidam Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (na materialakh Zapadnogo Kazakhstana) [Social assistance to the families of fallen soldiers and disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War (based on materials from Western Kazakhstan)]. Armiya, rozhdennaya v boyakh. Regional’naya nauch.-prakt. konf., posvyashch. 100-letiyu Sovetskoi Armii (RKKA) i Voenno-Morskogo Flota. Orenburg, 14 fevr. 2018 g.: sb. statei [An army born in battle. Regional scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Soviet Army (RKKA) and Navy. Orenburg, Febr. 14, 2018. Collect. of art.]. Orenburg, OGPU Publ., 2018, pp. 128—129. (In Russian)
17. Ob’’edinennyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Orenburgskoi oblasti [United State Archives of the Orenburg Region] (OGAOO). F. 371. Op. 6. D. 576.
18. OGAOO. F. 371. Op. 8. DД. 865.
19. OGAOO. F. 371. Op. 9. D. 148.
20. OGAOO. F. 371. Op. 9. D. 779.
21. OGAOO. F. 371. Op. 9. D. 781.
22. OGAOO. F. 371. Op. 10. D. 145.
23. OGAOO. F. 371. Op. 10. D. 747.
24. OGAOO. F. 371. Op. 10. D. 754.
25. Osmachkin A. V. Polozhenie invalidov Otechestvennoi voiny v SSSR (na materialakh Krasnodarskogo i Stavropol’skogo kraev v 1945 — seredine 1950-kh gg.) [The situation of disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic war in the USSR (based on materials from the Krasnodar and Stavropol regions in 1945 — mid-1950s)]. Voprosy istoricheskoi nauki: materialy III Mezhdunar. nauch. konf. (Moskva, yanvar’ 2015 g.) [Questions of historical science. Proceed. of the III Internat. sci. conf. (Moscow, Jan. 2015)]. Moscow, Buki-Vedi Publ., 2015, pp. 109—111. (In Russian)
26. Pechalova L. V. Kooperativnye ob’’edineniya v reshenii problem sotsial’noi i professional’noi reabilitatsii voinov-invalidov v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny i poslevoennyi period (na materialakh Severnogo Kavkaza i Dona) [Cooperative associations in solving the problems of social and professional rehabilitation of disabled soldiers during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period (based on the materials of the North Caucasus and the Don)]. Nauka. Obshchestvo. Oborona — Science. Society. Defense, 2022, vol. 10, no. 1 (30), pp. 5-5. DOI: 10.24412/2311-1763-2022-1-5-5. (In Russian)
27. Pis’ma ognennykh let (Ak-amanat — haldatkhattary) [Letters from the Fiery Years (Ak-amanat — haldatkhattary)]. Ufa, Kitap Publ., 2005. 376 p. (In Russian)
28. Postanovlenie Soveta Narodnykh Komissarov RSFSR ot 15 dekabrya 1942 g. № 939 “Ob internatakh dlya invalidov Otechestvennoi voiny” [Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR of Dec. 15, 1942, no. 939 “On boarding schools for disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War”]. Available at: https://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=ESU&n=27205#2uf26qUH4uckQH0J. Accessed: 16.06.2025. (In Russian)
29. Riskulova F. F. Doma invalidov kak sredstvo sotsial’noi zashchity naseleniya v pervye poslevoennye gody [Nursing Homes as a means of social protection of the people in the early post-war years]. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. Sotsial’no-gumanitarnye nauki — Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Social Sciences and the Humanities, 2016, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 52—57. DOI: 10.14529/ssh160307. (In Russian)
30. Khisamutdinova R. R. Sotsial’naya pomoshch’ i podderzhka invalidov Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny v Chkalovskoi oblasti v 1941—1945 gg. [Social assistance and support for disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War in the Chkalov region in 1941—1945]. Geroicheskoe i tragicheskoe likholet’e. Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. k 80-letiyu Pobedy sovetskogo naroda v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine. Orenburg, 23—24 maya 2025 g.: sb. statei [Heroic and tragic hard times. Internat. sci.-pract. conf. for the 80th anniversary of the Victory of the soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. Orenburg, May 23—24, 2025. Collect. of art.]. Orenburg, OGPU Publ., 2025, pp. 283—288. (In Russian)
31. Khisamutdinova R. R. SSSR v period pozdnego stalinizma: ucheb. posobie k lektsionnomu kursu [The USSR in the period of late Stalinism. Textbook for a lecture course]. Orenburg, OGPU Publ., 2015. 240 p. (In Russian)
32. Khisamutdinova R. R., Mukhambetgalieva A. K. Trudoustroistvo i sotsial’noe obespechenie invalidov voiny v Zapadnom Kazakhstane v 1945—1950-e gg. (na materialakh Aktyubinskoi oblasti) [Employment and social security for disabled war veterans in Western Kazakhstan in 1945—1950s (based on materials from Aktobe region)]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Povolzhskii region. Gumanitarnye nauki. Istoriya — University Proceedings. Volga region. Humanities, 2019, no. 1 (49), pp. 70—78. DOI: 10.21685/2072-3024-2019-1-6. (In Russian)
33. Khomyakova N. V. Sotsial’naya politika Sovetskogo gosudarstva na Yuzhnom Urale posle okonchaniya Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (1945—1953 gg.): dis. … kand. ist. nauk [Social policy of the Soviet state in the Southern Urals after the end of the Great Patriotic War (1945—1953). Cand. Dis.]. Orenburg, 2007. 219 p. (In Russian)
34. Khomyakova N. V. Sotsial’nye uchrezhdeniya dlya invalidov na Urale vo vtoroi polovine 40-kh — nachale 50-kh godov XX veka [Social institutions for the disabled in the Urals in the second half of the 1940s — early 1950s]. Geroicheskoe i tragicheskoe likholet’e. Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. k 80-letiyu Pobedy sovetskogo naroda v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine. Orenburg, 23—24 maya 2025 g.: sb. statei [Heroic and tragic hard times. Internat. sci.-pract. conf. for the 80th anniversary of the victory of the soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. Orenburg, May 23—24, 2025. Collect. of art.]. Orenburg, OGPU Publ., 2025, pp. 288—292. (In Russian)
35. Khomyakova N. V. Trudoustroistvo invalidov na Yuzhnom Urale v pervoe poslevoennoe desyatiletie [Employment of disabled people in the Southern Urals in the first post-war decade]. Molodoi uchenyi, 2017, no. 21.1, pp. 14—18. (In Russian)
36. Khokhorina G. A. Politika gosudarstva v oblasti sotsial’nogo obespecheniya i reabilitatsii invalidov voiny i truda v period 1941—1945 gg.: na materialakh RSFSR: avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk [State policy in the field of social security and rehabilitation of war and labor invalids in the period 1941—1945. Based on materials from the RSFSR. Abstr. Cand. Dis.]. Moscow, 2005. 40 p. (In Russian)