Celebrating the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov — renewing the foundations for legitimate monarchy
Igor L. Andreev, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Professor
Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia, andreev_hist@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5592-3379
Anton A. Svyatov, Postgraduate Student
Moscow City University, Moscow, Russia, aasvyatov@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4431-5109
Abstract
The article is devoted to the ideological discussion that arose among government officials around the celebration of the 300th Anniversary of the House of Romanov, in the context of renewing the foundations for autocratic power in the new context of the Duma monarchy’s emergence after the 1905—1907 revolution. Two competing perspectives on this issue are identified: the first was based on the power of tradition and sacredness, a connection to the “land”, while the second was based on the idea of a “democratic choice” of the monarch in 1613. Arguments from both sides of this debate are presented as part of the work of the government Committee for Organizing the Celebration of the 300th Anniversary of the House of Romanov. The authors conclude that a compromise solution prevailed during the anniversary celebrations, demonstrating not only the sacred but also the representative foundations for strengthening the power of the Romanov dynasty.
Keywords
Historical memory, Nicholas II, Zemsky Sobor (Assembly of the Land) of 1613, the Time of Troubles, the State Duma, Duma monarchy, monarchism, legitimacy.
For citation:
Andreev I. L., Svyatov A. A. Celebrating the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov — renewing the foundations for legitimate monarchy. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2025, no. 4 (56), pp. 93—106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2025.56.6.
1. Avrekh A. Ya. P. A. Stolypin i sud’by reform v Rossii [P. A. Stolypin and the fate of reforms in Russia]. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1991. 286 p. (In Russian)
2. Avrekh A. Ya. Tsarizm i IV Duma v 1912—1914 godakh [Tsarism and the Fourth Duma in 1912—1914]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1981. 296 p. (In Russian)
3. Avrekh A. Ya. Tsarizm nakanune sverzheniya [Tsarism on the eve of its overthrow]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1989. 256 p. (In Russian)
4. Akademik S. F. Platonov: Perepiska s istorikami: v 2 t. T. 1: Pis’ma S. F. Platonova, 1883—1930 [Academician S. F. Platonov: Correspondence with historians. In 2 vols. Vol. 1: Letters of S. F. Platonov, 1883—1930]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2003. 388 p. (In Russian)
5. Arkhipov I. L. Reaktsiya obraztsa 1913 goda: effektnyi triumf na puti k “agonii” [The 1913 reaction: A spectacular triumph on the road to “agony”]. Zvezda, 2019, no. 3, pp. 140—169. (In Russian)
6. Vasenko P. G. Boyare Romanovy i votsarenie Mikhaila Fedorovicha [The Romanov boyars and the accession of Mikhail Fyodorovich]. St. Petersburg, Gosudarstvennaya tipografiya Publ., 1913. 224 p. (In Russian)
7. Vasenko P. G., Platonov S. F., Turaeva-Tsereteli E. F. Nachalo dinastii Romanovykh: istoricheskie ocherki s 12 portretami i risunkami [The beginning of the Romanov dynasty: Historical essays with 12 portraits and drawings]. St. Petersburg, Ya. Bashmakov i Ko Publ., 1912. 248 p. (In Russian)
8. Volodikhin D. M. M. F. Romanov i drugie pretendenty na russkii prestol v 1613 godu: genealogiya i politika [M. F. Romanov and other claimants to the Russian throne in 1613: Genealogy and politics]. Romanovskie chteniya. 400 let okonchaniya Smuty i votsareniya dinastii Romanovykh: materialy vseros. konf., Kostroma, 2—3 marta 2013 g. [Romanov Readings. 400 years since the end of the time of troubles and the accession of the Romanov dynasty. Proceed. of the All-Russia conf., Kostroma, March 2—3, 2013]. Kostroma, KGU im. N. A. Nekrasova Publ., 2013, pp. 5—8. (In Russian)
9. Vortman R. [Wortman R. S.]. Nikolai II i populyarizatsiya ego obraza v 1913 godu [Nicholas II and the popularization of his image in 1913]. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 1999, no. 4 (38), pp. 78—103. (In Russian)
10. Gusev B. N. Vne konkurentsii: istoriya izbraniya Mikhaila Romanova na tsarstvo [Beyond competition: The history of Mikhail Romanov’s election to the Tsar]. Romanovskie chteniya. Tsentr i provintsiya v sisteme rossiiskoi gosudarstvennosti: materialy konf., Kostroma 26—27 marta 2009 g. [Romanov readings. Center and province in the system of Russian statehood. Proceed. of the conf., Kostroma, March 26—27, 2009]. Kostroma, KGU im. N. A. Nekrasova Publ., 2009, pp. 231—236. (In Russian)
11. Dzhunkovskii V. F. Vospominaniya. T. 2 [Memories. Vol. 2]. Moscow, Izd-vo imeni Sabashnikovykh Publ., 1997. 688 p. (In Russian)
12. Il’in I. A. Natsional’naya Rossiya: nashi zadachi [National Russia: Our tasks]. Moscow, Eksmo Publ., Algoritm Publ., 2011. 464 p. (In Russian)
13. Il’in I. A. Pochemu sokrushilsya v Rossii monarkhicheskii stroi? [Why did the monarchical system collapse in Russia?]. O gryadushchei Rossii: izbr. stat’i [On the future of Russia. Selected articles]. Moscow, Voenizdat Publ., 1993, pp. 87—107. (In Russian)
14. Karnishin V. Yu. 300-letie doma Romanovykh: za fasadom ofitsial’nogo prazdnovaniya [300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty: behind the façade of official celebrations]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Povolzhskii region. Gumanitarnye nauki, 2013, no. 1 (25), pp. 5—10. (In Russian)
15. Kokovtsov V. N. Iz moego proshlogo: vospominaniya: v 2 kn. Kn. 1 [From my past: memories. In 2 books. Book 1]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1992. 447 p. (In Russian)
16. Kruzhalina A. A. Poslednii rossiiskii samoderzhets i ego poddannye: evolyutsiya form samoprezentatsii monarkhii [Last monarch of Russia and his subjects: Evolution of monarchy self-presentation]. Manuskript, 2021, vol. 14, is. 8, pp. 1558—1562. DOI: 10.30853/mns210279. (In Russian)
17. Limanova S. A. Vybor glavnoi daty prazdnovaniya i razrabotka osnovnoi programmy torzhestv 300-letiya dinastii Romanovykh [Selecting the main date for the celebration and developing the main program for the 300th Anniversary of the Romanov dynasty]. Tsarskii put’: k 110-letiyu puteshestviya imperatora Nikolaya II po drevnerusskim gorodam: materialy nauch. konf., 26—27 maya 2023 g. [The Tsar’s path: Toward the 110th Anniversary of emperor Nicholas II’s journey through ancient Russian cities. Proceed. of the sci. conf., May 26—27, 2023]. Moscow, Severnyi palomnik Publ.; Rostov, Rostovskii kreml’ Publ., 2024, pp. 7—22. (In Russian)
18. Limanova S. A. Poslednii yubilei imperii [The last anniversary of the Empire]. Rodina, 2013, no. 12, pp. 85—88. (In Russian)
19. Limanova S. A. Stolichnye torzhestva Rossiiskoi imperii v tsarstvovanie Nikolaya II [Capital celebrations of the Russian empire during the reign of Nicholas II]. Moscow, Kuchkovo pole Publ., 2017. 360 p. (In Russian)
20. Nemiro O. V. Iz istorii prazdnovaniya 300-letiya Doma Romanovykh [From the history of the celebration of the 300th Anniversary of the House of Romanov]. Voprosy otechestvennogo i zarubezhnogo iskusstva [Issues of domestic and foreign art]. St. Petersburg, S.-Peterburgskii un-t Publ., 1996, is. 5, pp. 245—261. (In Russian)
21. Omel’yanchuk I. V. Konservativnyi lager’ i ideya vossozdaniya Zemskogo sobora v nachale XX veka [The Conservative camp and the idea of recreating the Zemsky Sobor at the beginning of the 20th century]. Tavricheskie chteniya 2015. Aktual’nye problemy parlamentarizma: istoriya i sovremennost’. Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya, S.-Peterburg, Tavricheskii dvorets, 10—11 dekabrya 2015 g.: sb. nauch. statei [Tauride Readings 2015. Current issues of parliamentarism. History and modernity. Internat. sci. conf., St. Petersburg, Tauride Palace, Dec. 10—11, 2015. Collect. of sci. art.]. St. Petersburg, ElekSis Publ., 2016, part. 1, pp. 262—271. (In Russian)
22. Omel’yanchuk I. V. Manifest 17 oktyabrya 1905 goda v otsenkakh monarkhistov [Manifesto of October 17, 1905 in the assessments of monarchists]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal — Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2024, no. 4 (52), pp. 169—187. Available at: http://vestospu.ru/archive/2024/articles/52/12_52_2024.pdf. DOI: 10.32516/2303-9922.2024.52.12. (In Russian)
23. Platonov S. F. Vopros ob izbranii M. F. Romanova v russkoi istoricheskoi literature [The question of M. F. Romanov’s election in Russian historical literature]. St. Petersburg, Senatskaya tipografiya Publ., 1912. 16 p. (In Russian)
24. Platonov S. F. K istorii moskovskikh zemskikh soborov [On the history of the Moscow Zemsky sobors]. St. Petersburg, Tip. I. N. Skorokhodova Publ., 1905. 68 p. (In Russian)
25. Pobedonostsev K. P. Velikaya lozh’ nashego vremeni [The great lie of our time]. Traditsiya i russkaya tsivilizatsiya [Tradition and Russian civilization]. Moscow, Astrel’, AST, Tranzitkniga Publ., 2006, pp. 260—283. (In Russian)
26. Polnoe sobranie rechei imperatora Nikolaya II [Complete Speeches of Emperor Nicholas II]. St. Petersburg, Drug naroda Publ., 1906. 80 p. (In Russian)
27. Repnikov A. V. Konservativnye kontseptsii pereustroistva Rossii [Conservative concepts for the reorganization of Russia]. Moscow, Academia Publ., 2007. 520 p. (In Russian)
28. Rodzyanko M. V. Krushenie imperii [The collapse of the Empire]. Leningrad, Priboi Publ., 1929. 272 p. (In Russian)
29. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Historical Archives] (RGIA). F. 1320. Op. 1. D. 1.
30. RGIA. F. 1320. Op. 1. D. 20.
31. RGIA. F. 1320. Op. 1. D. 30.
32. RGIA. F. 1320. Op. 1. D. 31.
33. RGIA. F. 1320. Op. 1. D. 149V.
34. RGIA. F. 1320. Op. 1. D. 149D.
35. RGIA. F. 1320. Op. 1. D. 149Е.
36. Rossiya pod skipetrom Romanovykh: ocherki iz russkoi istorii za vremya s 1613 po 1913 god [Russia under the scepter of the Romanovs: Essays on Russian history from 1613 to 1913]. St. Petersburg, Komitet dlya ustroistva prazdnovaniya trekhsotletiya tsarstvovaniya Doma Romanovykh Publ., 1912. 320 p. (In Russian)
37. Ryzhova A. P. Obrazovanie i deyatel’nost’ “Komiteta dlya ustroistva prazdnovaniya trekhsotletiya tsarstvuyushchego Doma Romanovykh” — vybor ideologicheskogo soderzhaniya yubileya dinastii [The formation and activities of the “Committee for the Celebration of the Tercentenary of the Reigning House of Romanov” — the choice of ideological content for the dynasty’s anniversary]. “Proshloe”: teoriya i praktika (de)konstruirovaniya v nauchnom i politicheskom diskursakh: materialy Vseros. s mezhdunar. uchastiem nauch.-prakt. konf., Kazan’, 22—23 noyabrya 2019 g. [“The Past”: Theory and practice of (de)construction in scientific and political discourses. Proceed. of the All-Russia sci. and pract. conf. with Internat. participation, Kazan, Nov. 22—23, 2019]. Kazan, “Poznanie” Kazanskogo innovatsionnogo universiteta Publ., 2019, pp. 140—148. (In Russian)
38. Soedinennoe zasedanie sovetov vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii [Joint meeting of councils of higher education institutions]. Russkoe slovo, 1913, no. 45, pp. 3. (In Russian)
39. Solonevich I. L. Narodnaya monarkhiya [People’s monarchy]. Moscow, Algoritm Publ., 2011. 624 p. (In Russian)
40. Tikhomirov L. A. Monarkhicheskaya gosudarstvennost’ [Monarchical statehood]. Moscow, Biblioteka serbskogo kresta Publ., 2004. 512 p. (In Russian)
41. Uortman R. S. [Wortman R. S.]. Stsenarii vlasti: mify i tseremonii russkoi monarkhii: per. s angl.: v 2 t. T. 2 [Scenarios of power. Myths and ceremonies of the Russian monarchy. Transl. from English. In 2 vols. Vol. 2]. Moscow, OGI Publ., 2004. 796 p. (In Russian)
42. Tsimbaev K. N. Rekonstruktsiya proshlogo i konstruirovanie budushchego v Rossii XIX veka: opyt ispol’zovaniya istoricheskikh yubileev v politicheskikh tselyakh [Reconstructing the past and constructing the future in 19th-century Russia: Using historical anniversaries for political purposes]. Istoricheskaya kul’tura imperatorskoi Rossii: formirovanie predstavlenii o proshlom [The historical culture of Imperial Russia. Formation of ideas about the past]. Moscow, Izdat. dom Vysshei shkoly ekonomiki Publ., 2012, pp. 475—498. (In Russian)
43. Stepanov A. D., Ivanov A. A. (comp.). Chernaya sotnya. Istoricheskaya entsiklopediya. 1900—1917 [The Black hundreds. Historical encyclopedia. 1900—1917]. Moscow, In-t russkoi tsivilizatsii Publ., 2008. 640 p. (In Russian)