Jews of Izhevsk based on the population censuses of 1897 and 1926
Tatyana A. Vasina, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher
Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia, tatjasch@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-8671
Anna M. Subbotina, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher
Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia, annnamisu@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-5884
Abstract
The authors of the article present the results of a comparative analysis of the data of the First General Population Census of 1897 and the All-Union Population Census of 1926 on the Jews at Izhevsk Factory and in Izhevsk. The materials of both censuses from the funds of the Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic are the basis of the study. The authors draw conclusions about the change in some social and demographic characteristics under the influence of the new living conditions of the Jewish population during the Soviet period. They note that when the numerous legislative restrictions of the tsarist government were lifted after the 1917 revolution, Jews expanded their professional activities, young professionals came to Izhevsk, and the number of single-person households increased. At the same time, the Jewish population remained focused on employment in trade, catering, consumer services, starting a family and having children.
Keywords
Jewish population, First General Population Census of 1897, population census, All-Union Population Census of 1926, Izhevsk Factory, Izhevsk, Vyatka province, Udmurtia.
For citation:
Vasina T. A., Subbotina A. M. Jews of Izhevsk based on the population censuses of 1897 and 1926. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2025, no. 4 (56), pp. 124—135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2025.56.8.
1. Berestova E. M., Vasina T. A. Etnokonfessional’naya struktura naseleniya Kamsko-Vyatskogo regiona v XIX veke [Ethno-confessional structure of the Kama-Vyatka region population in the nineteenth century]. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Ser. Istoriya i filologiya — Bulletin of Udmurt University. History and Philology Series, 2016, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 82—89. (In Russian)
2. Bekhtereva L. N. Zhilishchno-bytovoe prostranstvo provintsial’nogo goroda v period nepa (na materialakh Izhevska) [Living space of a country town in the NEP period (new economic policy) (on materials of Izhevsk)]. Izvestiya Komi nauchnogo tsentra Ural’skogo otdeleniya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk — Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 2014, is. 4 (20), pp. 74—78. (In Russian)
3. Vasina T. A. Sluzhashchie izhevskikh zavodov v XIX veke: chislennost’ i sostav [Officials of Izhevsk factories in the 19th century: quantity and composition]. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Elektronnyi nauchnyi zhurnal — Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2016, no. 2 (18), pp. 111—118. Available at: http://vestospu.ru/archive/2016/articles/11_18_2016.pdf. (In Russian)
4. Golovin S. A. Vseobshchaya perepis’ naseleniya SSSR 1926 g. kak istoricheskii istochnik [The 1926 General Population Census of the USSR as a historical source]. Chteniya pamyati professora Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha Sidorenko [Readings in memory of Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Sidorenko], 2019, no. 6, pp. 52—61. (In Russian)
5. Evreiskoe schast’e: lokal’nyi aspekt: istorii evreiskikh semei Izhevska v rasskazakh, dokumentakh i fotografiyakh [Jewish happiness: a local aspect: stories of Jewish families in Izhevsk in stories, documents, and photographs]. Izhevsk, BF “Khesed-Ariel’” Publ., 2020. 302 p. (In Russian)
6. Iudeistvo [Judaism]. Khlynov — Vyatka — Kirov. Istoriya i sovremennost’: ist.-stat. sb.: v 5 t. [Khlynov — Vyatka — Kirov. History and modernity. Historical and statistical collection. In 5 vols]. Kirov, Territorial’nyi organ Federal’noi sluzhby gosudarstvennoi statistiki po Kirovskoi oblasti Publ., 2014, vol. 3, book 2, pp. 590—593. (In Russian)
7. Kasanov A. S. Evrei v politicheskoi ssylke na territorii Vyatskoi gubernii na rubezhe XIX—XX vv. [Jews in political exile on the territory of Vyatka Governorate at the turn of the XIX—XX centuries]. Vestnik gumanitarnogo obrazovaniya — Herald of Humanitarian Education, 2023, no. 4 (32), pp. 36—44. DOI: 10.25730/VSU.2070.23.052. (In Russian)
8. Kropachev S. A. Demograficheskoe razvitie rossiiskikh etnosov v 1920-e gg. [Demographic development of Russian ethnic groups in the 1920s]. Istoricheskaya demografiya, 2022, no. 2 (30), pp. 10—22. (In Russian)
9. Manakov A. G., Korotaeva T. A. Sdvigi v rasselenii evreev v rannesovetskii period: kartograficheskii analiz [Shifts in Jewish settlement in the early soviet period: cartographic analysis]. Vestnik Pskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. Estestvennye i fiziko-matematicheskie nauki, 2022, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 31—48. (In Russian)
10. Nikolaeva T. K. Aronsony v Vyatke [Aronsons in Vyatka]. Gertsenka: vyatskie zapiski [Gertsenka: Vyatka notes], 2011, is. 20, pp. 163—164. Available at: https://herzenlib.ru/almanac/number/detail.php?NUMBER=number20&ELEMENT=gerzenka20_3_2. Accessed: 15.03.2025. (In Russian)
11. O dozvolenii evreyam mekhanikam, vinokuram, pivovaram i voobshche masteram i remeslennikam prozhivat’ povsemestno v imperii [On permitting Jewish mechanics, distillers, brewers and artisans to reside throughout the Empire]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobr. 2 [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Coll. 2]. St. Petersburg, Tip. II otd. Sobstv. e.i.v. kantselyarii Publ., 1867, vol. 40, part 1, pp. 692—703. (In Russian)
12. Pamyatnaya knizhka Vyatskoi gubernii i kalendar’ na 1907 g. [Commemorative book of the Vyatka province and calendar for 1907]. Vyatka, Gub. tip. Publ., 1907. X, 106, 162, 211 p. (In Russian)
13. Polozhenie ob ustroistve otstavnykh i bessrochno-otpusknykh nizhnikh chinov [Regulations on the arrangement of retired and indefinitely leave-borrowing lower ranks]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobr. 2 [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Coll. 2]. St. Petersburg, Tip. II otd. Sobstv. e.i.v. kantselyarii Publ., 1871, vol. 42, part. 1, pp. 997—1004. (In Russian)
14. Rashkovskii A. L. Rakhel’ Blyuvshtein iz Vyatki — natsional’naya poetessa Izrailya [Rachel Bluvshtein from Vyatka — National poetess of Israel]. Gertsenka: vyatskie zapiski [Herzenka: Vyatka Notes], 2011, is. 20, pp. 175—179. Available at: https://herzenlib.ru/almanac/number/detail.php?NUMBER=number20&ELEMENT=gerzenka20_3_3. Accessed: 15.03.2025. (In Russian)
15. Subbotina A. M. Istoriya evreev Vyatskoi gubernii v dokumentakh Tsentral’nogo gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Kirovskoi oblasti [Vyatka Province Jews history documents of the Central State Archive of the Kirov region]. Vestnik Mariiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser. Istoricheskie nauki. Yuridicheskie nauki — Vestnik of the Mari State University. Chapter “History. Law”, 2024, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 240—247. DOI: 10.30914/2411-3522-2024-10-3-240-247. (In Russian)
16. Ustav rekrutskoi povinnosti i voennoi sluzhby evreev [Charter of Conscription and Military Service of Jews]. Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobr. 2 [Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. Coll. 2]. St. Petersburg, Tip. II otd. Sobstv. e.i.v. kantselyarii Publ., 1830, vol. 2, pp. 728—734. (In Russian)
17. Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Udmurtskoi Respubliki [Central State Archives of the Udmurt Republic] (TsGA UR). F. 236. Op. 1. D. 84.
18. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 93.
19. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 98.
20. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 111.
21. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 113.
22. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 114.
23. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 115.
24. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 121.
25. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 122.
26. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 126.
27. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 132.
28. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 135.
29. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 136.
30. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 137.
31. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 141.
32. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 144.
33. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 145.
34. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 146.
35. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 147.
36. TsGA UR. F. 236. Op. 1. D. 285.
37. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 674.
38. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 709.
39. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 710.
40. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 712.
41. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 713.
42. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 714.
43. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 715.
44. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 716.
45. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 719.
46. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 720.
47. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 729.
48. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 730.
49. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 731.
50. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 733.
51. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 737.
52. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 741.
53. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 743.
54. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 746.
55. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 749.
56. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 750.
57. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 763.
58. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 768.
59. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 770.
60. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 773.
61. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 774.
62. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 777.
63. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 779.
64. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 780.
65. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 782.
66. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 783.
67. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 784.
68. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 785.
69. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 790.
70. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 791.
71. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 793.
72. TsGA UR. F. R-35. Op. 1. D. 802.