Political Conflict as a Prelude to the Bloody Drama in Irkutsk (Late October — Early December 1917)
Vladimir I. Shishkin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher
Institute of History, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, patric@academ.org, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-4805
Abstract
This article analyzes scholarly and memoirs publications on the topic of research. It concludes that Soviet publications, written from a class perspective, described the activities of the Irkutsk Bolsheviks in late October and early December of 1917 in an apologetic light, while the behavior of their opponents and adversaries was vulgarized and distorted. They were held responsible for the outbreak of armed fighting in Irkutsk, the behavior of the cadets (Junkers) was assessed as a counterrevolutionary rebellion, and the Socialist Revolutionaries were considered its inspirers and even its leaders. The article successively examines the following topics: the public image of Irkutsk in 1917; soldiers’ rallies and congresses of Soviets in this city; the confrontation between Centrosibir (Central Executive Committee of Siberian Soviets) and the District Bureau; October 25, 1917 in Irkutsk; discussion of the capital’s events in Irkutsk government, military and public structures; the Bolshevization of the Soviets, the emergence of dual power; the reconstruction of the Soviets, the first steps of the Military Revolutionary Committee; the escalation of hysteria and the aggravation of the political situation by the Bolsheviks; the transition from Soviet democracy to bayonet warfare. The analysis of the political events preceding the hostilities in Irkutsk allowed us to conclude that the origins of the conflict lay in the aggressive activities of the Bolsheviks, led by Centrosibir and the Military Revolutionary Committee. It has been proven that, under their influence, local Bolsheviks systematically disregarded the rule of law as a bourgeois prejudice, preferred violence to democratic norms and promoted civil war as an effective means of workers’ struggle against oppression. By agitating for the establishment of Soviet power, discrediting moderate socialists as servants of the bourgeoisie and demanding the dissolution of the military academy cadets and three ensign schools, the Bolsheviks prepared, provoked, and escalated the conflict from a political to a military phase. Attempts by moderate socialists to prevent a “massacre” in Irkutsk were decisively rejected, leading to nine days of bloody drama.
Shishkin V. I. Political Conflict as a Prelude to the Bloody Drama in Irkutsk (Late October — Early December 1917). Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2026, no. 1 (57), pp. 236—298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2026.57.16.
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