Distribution of Ambrosia L. Species in the Caucasus: Historical Aspects and Current Status
Sabrina Z. Zherukova, Postgraduate Student
Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh. M. Berbekov, Nalchik, Russia, sabrina.zherukova@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9922-7722
Safarbiy Kh. Shkhagapsoev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor
Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh. M. Berbekov, Nalchik, Russia, safarbis@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-1605
Abstract
This article summarizes available data on the dispersal history of Ambrosia L. species and analyzes their current distribution in the Caucasus. The ecoregion is represented by Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., A. trifida L., and A. psilostachya DC., which have different trends and distribution scales. The spread of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the Caucasus was focal. The first finds of the species were recorded in the Krasnodar Territory and Stavropol Territory (1910s), then in North Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Azerbaijan (1930s), in most regions of the Central and Eastern Caucasus, in Georgia (1950s), and finally in Dagestan and Armenia (1970—1980s). Currently, the species is actively spreading along the altitudinal gradient (seeds are carried on vehicle wheels, with feed and hay, building materials) occurring at an altitude of over 2300 m above sea level. Ambrosia trifida was first recorded in Abkhazia in the 1920s. Since the 1950s, the species has spread throughout the agrocenoses of Krasnodar Territory, Adygea, and Georgia, and since the 1970s and 1980s, throughout segetal and ruderal habitats of most regions of the Central and Eastern Caucasus. In Stavropol Territory and Dagestan, it has been present since the 1990s and 2010s, respectively. Currently, the species range in most regions is fragmented or local. The appearance of Ambrosia psilostachya in the Central and Eastern Caucasus (single finds) dates back to the 2010—2020s. The species is absent from the floristic lists of most regions of Transcaucasia, as well as Dagestan, North Ossetia, and Karachay-Cherkessia. In Abkhazia, it is believed to have been since the 1990s. In the Western Caucasus and Ciscaucasia, Ambrosia psilostachya has been known since the 1940s — 1950s and is currently the most widely represented species.
Key words
Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Ambrosia psilostachya, history and distribution patterns, Caucasus.
For citation:
Zherukova S. Z., Shkhagapsoev S. Kh. Distribution of Ambrosia L. Species in the Caucasus: Historical Aspects and Current Status. Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2026, no. 1 (57), pp. 6—27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2026.57.1.
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