Formation of budgets for women’s gymnasiums of the Ministry of Public Education in 1870—1917 (by the example of the Perm province)
Larisa V. Arkhangelskaya, Researcher, Candidate for a Degree
Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia, arhangellar@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-1441
Abstract
The article examines the structure of income items, as well as the main items of expenditure of women’s gymnasiums of the Ministry of Public Education (MPE) of the Perm province from 1870 to 1917 in comparison with the situation nationwide. The analysis of changes in the total volume of cash income for the specified period showed positive dynamics, primarily due to local governments, whose funds before the beginning of the 20th century were the main resource of Ural schools. Personal payments from the population during this period slightly exceeded other sources only in the budgets of two large gymnasiums. By 1917, the financing mechanism had undergone adjustments: first place in the Perm province (with a slight advantage due to the private education sector), as well as throughout Russia, was taken by tuition fees. The contribution of city government became meager; zemstvo subsidies had a significant advantage over it, and subsidies from the state were not so large. The main budgeted items of expenditure of women’s schools and their sequence did not change during the period under review. The largest share was forwarded to teachers’ salaries, followed by the costs of maintaining premises and teaching aids. A specific feature of the Perm province was that with fairly generous funding from zemstvos and cities, twice the national level, these educational institutions were accessible to the majority of residents.
Keywords
Budget, women’s gymnasiums and pro-gymnasiums, Perm province, subsidies, income, expenses, government funds, zemstvos, tuition fees, Ministry of Public Education.
For citation:
Arkhangelskaya L. V. Formation of budgets for women’s gymnasiums of the Ministry of Public Education in 1870—1917 (by the example of the Perm province). Vestnik of Orenburg State Pedagogical University. Electronic Scientific Journal, 2024, no. 2 (50), pp. 131—146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32516/2303-9922.2024.50.8.
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